Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects Cushing disease in Russian Federation: monitoring data based on the Russian database for 01.01.2025

BACKGROUND. Cushing disease (CD) is a severe neuroendocrine disorder caused by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary adenoma. This disorder leads to hypercortisolism and systemic complications (obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, etc.), which significantly increase mortality and reduce quality of life. Epidemiological data on CD vary depending on the assessment methods, making it difficult to determine the true prevalence.

AIM. To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CD using data from the Russian database of hypothalamic and pituitary tumors (OGGO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was conducted using the OGGO clinical and epidemiological monitoring database in Russian Federation, which includes 84 regions, with date of analysis January 1, 2025. The OGGO database has been created in 2006, and has been available as online resource since 2013.

RESULTS. As of January 1, 2025, the OGGO database included 986 patients with CD. The average prevalence of CD in the Russian Federation was 0.7 per 100,000 population: the highest prevalence was observed in the Republic of Karelia (2.5/100,000), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (2.1/100,000), and Tver Oblast (1.8/100,000). The sex ratio (m:f) was 152 (15.4%):834 (84.6%). The median age was 52 years [42.1; 63.6]. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 22.2 months [4.1; 57.0]. At the time of the last visit, remission was achieved in 58.6% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS. The OGGO database is a valuable tool for monitoring and studying CD in Russia. The results confirm significant variability in the prevalence of CD in Russian Federation and the need for training and awareness-raising among physicians, which will contribute to improved diagnostics, reduced time to diagnosis, and optimized treatment.

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