Major epidemiologic studies over the last century demonstrated that obesity leads to several severe diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular accidents. In developed countries cardiovascular diseases became the main cause of death. In the last 5–6 years some studies showed that people with overweight and obesity of the first degree have a higher life expectancy than people with normal weight. In 2009, the published data showed that the presence of obesity in patients with chronic heart failure does not impair cardiovascular prognosis. Overweight correlates with a decrease in overall mortality by 25%. And in a first degree of obesity the risk of death is reduced by 12%. This phenomenon is called "obesity paradox" and the causes of which are discussed in this review.

Despite active research involving familial pituitary adenomas and characterization of five hereditary syndromes, the genetic defects in more than 80 - 95% of patients remain not found. Besides, there is more than 25 cases of coexistence of pheochromocytomas and pituitary adenomas described in literature that up to date is not integrated in any syndrome; genetic defects of such coexistence also aren't defined. However it is supposed that in pituitary tumorigenesis, germline mutations of SDH can take part that is obviously important aspect of further investigation. Germline mutations of SDH were found in patients with different phenotypes of pituitary adenomas. Studying of mutations in genes SDHD, SDHB, SDHC, SDHA and their prevalence in patients with familial pituitary adenomas or with phenotypes of multiple endocrine neoplasia without mutations in MEN1, CDKN1B, PRKAR1A, AIP genes can provide clarity in a role of mutations in SDH in endocrine and in particular pituitary tumorigenesis.

Objective: to estimate the role of adipose tissue in gestational weight gain (GWG) and preferential fat deposition among normal-weight women. Subjects and methods: prospective cohort study of 84 pregnancies: maternal body mass index 18,5–24,9 kg/m2, singleton term pregnancy, nondiabetic women, somatically well. GWG and skinfold thickness were evaluated in the 1st, 2nd, 3d trimesters, on the 3d day after delivery. Results: fat mass gain in low GWG was similar to recommended GWG and in the high-GWG group was greater one. Women with recommended and low GWG returned to their initial fat level on the 3d day after delivery, in excessive weight gain fat significantly increased (р=0,025). Compared to initial recommended GWG resulted in triceps skinfold thicknesses loss (р=0,001), in abdominal skinfold gained nothing and in thighs skinfold thicknesses increasing (р=0,021). Inadequate GWG leads to fat loss in arms (р=0,017), fat of abdominal area and thighs return to initial level. In excessive GWG fat in the upper trunk and arms not changed, in the lower area (thighs) significantly increased compared to initial level (р=0,001) or other groups (р=0,001). Conclusion: excessive GWG was associated with greater adipose tissue cumulation and its deposition preferentially over the thighs. Inadequate GWG was clearly linked to low fat-free mass gain.

Aim of the study was to investigate the features of glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly depending on treatment. Materials and methods: 63 patients with acromegaly: 29 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly, 25 patients receiving somatostatin analogs (SSA) therapy and 9 patients underwent surgical treatment. Patients with earlier revealed diabetes mellitus (DM) were not included. The characterization of glucose metabolism was carried out by means of an assessment of fasting insulin plasma levels (FIP) and indexes of an insulinresistance (IR) HOMA-R and an insulinsensivity (IS) MATSUDA. Results: In patients receiving SSA therapy the carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) were revealed in 92%, among newly diagnosed acromegalic patients – in 62% and in patients after surgical treatment in 33% of cases. In newly diagnosed acromegalic patients index MATSUDA was 3,5 times lower than in patients receiving SSA therapy, and 4 times lower than in patients after surgical treatment ((р=0,001). НОМА-R in newly diagnosed acromegalic patients was 3,7 times higher than in other groups, p=0,003 and the level of FIP was 4,3 times higher than in patients receiving SSA therapy and 2,9 times higher than in patients after surgical treatment (р=0,001). The index MATSUDA in newly diagnosed acromegalic patients with early CMD was 2,9 times lower, р=0,006, НОМА-R – 2,5 times higher, р=0,025 and FIP 2,4 times higher, р=0,039 than in patients with early CMDs without acromegaly. Conclusions: In patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly in the absence of CMDs increase in IR is compensated by hyperinsulinemia. In patients, receiving SSA therapy the IR decreases, however suppression of secretion of insulin leads to increase in percentage of DM in this group. After surgical treatment IR decreases against higher level of fasting plasma insulin that leads to normalization of carbohydrate metabolism. Keywords: Acromegaly, secondary diabetes mellitus, insulinresistance, MATSUDA, HOMA-R.

We present he results of surgical treatment of 136 patients with metabolic syndrome at long-term period of evaluation (up to 15 years). All patients had jejunoileal bypass surgery in modification prof. Y.I. Sedletsky. We show the effect of surgery on overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. We've traced above changes depending on the period elapsed since the time of the operation. The results prove the efficiency and stability of effects of jejunoileal bypass surgery on components of the metabolic syndrome. Evaluation of the complications rate of this method is also presented in the article.

He main issue in osteoporosis management is the duration of treatment with different drugs particularly in cases of severe osteoporosis with high fracture risks and indications of switching from one to other agents. Denosumab is a new class of osteoporosis treatment called a human monoclonal antibody that prevents RANKL-RANK interaction and thereby inhibits osteoclast formation, demonstrates significant efficacy for vertebral, nonvertebral and hip fracture risk reduction. This case demonstrates multifactorial reasons for osteoporosis development (postmenopausal osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism), as well as the long-term applying of different osteoporosis drugs with various actions mechanisms and different effectiveness.

Glucocorticoids, prolactin and growth hormone play an important role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Hypercortisolism, hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency lead to an increase in body weight due to visceral fat accumulation. Mechanisms of development of obesity in various endocrine diseases are different. Adequate correction of hormonal disorders usually is accompanied by a decrease in body weight and the improvement of metabolic parameters.