Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have long been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It has been demonstrated that disturbances in calcium-phosphate metabolism, particularly primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), may further contribute to their development and progression. Despite the established association between PHPT and CVD, many aspects of this relationship remain insufficiently explored. The state of the cardiovascular system plays a decisive role in assessing patient mortality; however, there are currently no clear predictors of CVD development in PHPT. At present, cardiovascular pathology is not listed among the absolute indications for surgical treatment of parathyroid gland disorders. Nevertheless, given the high prevalence of hypertension and other CVDs, the updated national guidelines on PHPT now include a mandatory cardiology consultation for all patients to assess cardiovascular health and prepare for potential surgery. The aim of this article is to review recent research on the impact of PHPT on the cardiovascular system, analyse the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, and discuss diagnostic and treatment strategies for this patient group. A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular changes — with an emphasis on their pathogenetic basis — is essential for improving both the quality and longevity of life in the population.

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