Preview

Obesity and metabolism

Advanced search

Return to a standard diet after a high-calorie diet improves metabolic indexes and reactivity of the rat aorta

https://doi.org/10.14341/omet13105

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Solution to the important problem of reducing cardiovascular diseases and the risk of death associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) depends on our understanding of mechanisms of different influences preventing its development and change of our lifestyle in accordance to this knowledge. However, the question remains as to how reversible the disorders resulting from the development of MS, in particular, those induced by a high-calorie diet, are. There is a lot of research work of functional disturbance during a diet, but information about what happens after diet is extremely scarce. The possibility of restoring impaired functions is not only of theoretical, but also of great practical interest.
AIM: To evaluate changes in the metabolic state and reactivity of the rat aorta to the vasoconstrictor agent phenylephrine (PhE) when fed a high-calorie diet (CAF) for 6 weeks and after normalization of nutrition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on mature male Wistar rats, which were divided into a control group fed a standard diet (SD) and an experimental group fed a cafeteria diet (CAF). CAF and recovery period (Post-CAF) lasted 6 weeks each. At the end of each period, metabolic indexes were appreciated. The study of aortic reactivity was carried out on isolated vessels using wire myography. Statistical data processing was carried out using the GraphPad Prizm 8.0.1 program.
RESULTS: The study showed that the use of CAF led to an increase in body weight and the amount of visceral fat (2 times) in experimental animals compared to controls. They had higher fasting blood levels of triglycerides 1.77±0.42 mM vs 0.70±0.16 mM and glucose 7.6±0.9 mM vs 4.7±0.73 mM , respectively, and the indicators obtained when performing a glucose tolerance test. During the Post-CAF period, a decrease in weight gain was observed in rats, especially at its beginning, and the indicators recorded at the end of the recovery period were not statistically different from those in the SD group. As a result of a study of aortic reactivity, data were obtained on an increase of vasoconstrictor responses to the action of PhE in the CAF group due to a decrease in the anticontractile effect of NO and the participation in this process of potassium channels blocked by TEA. After Post-CAF, restoration of the influence of NO and the contribution of voltage-gated and/ or Ca2+- activated K+ channels of smooth muscles was recorded, which ultimately leads to a return of aortic reactivity to the values same as in the SD group.
CONCLUSION: The obtained data indicate that after normalization of nutrition the reversibility of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased vasoconstriction of the aorta, recorded with the use of a cafeteria diet, occurs

About the Author

M. N. Pankova
Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

6 Makarov embankment, 199034 Saint Petersburg

Scopus Author ID: 6507131004


Competing Interests:

None



References

1. WHO Obesity and Overweight. 2021. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

2. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020; 76(25): 2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

3. Zdravoohran-2023. 2023. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2023.pdf

4. Panchal SK, Brown L. Rodent models for metabolic syndrome research. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011; 2011:351982. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/351982

5. Gomez-Smith M, Karthikeyan S, Jeffers MS, et al. A physiological characterization of the Cafeteria diet model of metabolic syndrome in the rat. Physiology & behavior. 2016; 167: 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.029

6. Busebee B, Ghusn W, Cifuentes L, et al. Obesity: A Review of Pathophysiology and Classification. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2023; 98(12): 1842-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.05.026.

7. Brant LC, Wang N, Ojeda F M, et al. Relations of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity to Digital Vascular Function in Three Community-Based Cohorts: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017; 6: e004199. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004199

8. Pankova M.N. Endothelial dysfunction of the mesenteric arteries of rats in the early obesity induced by high-fat diet. Obesity and metabolism. 2022;19(2):158-165. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12842

9. Lalanza J F, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2021; 122: 92-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003.

10. Dutton GR, Lewis CE. The Look AHEAD Trial: Implications for lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 58:69–75. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.04.002.

11. Oliva L, Aranda T, Caviola G, et al. In rats fed high-energy diets, taste, rather than fat content, is the key factor increasing food intake: a comparison of a cafeteria and a lipid-supplemented standard diet. PeerJ. 2017; 5: e3697. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3697

12. Yalochkina T.O., Pigarova E.A. Hyperphagia and obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2013;10(1):14-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5065

13. Schulze MB. Metabolic health in normal-weight and obese individuals. Diabetologia. 2019; 62(4): 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4787-8

14. Löhn M, Dubrovska G, Lauterbach B, et al. Periadventitial fat releases a vascular relaxing factor. FASEB J. 2002; 16: 1057-1063. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.02-0024com

15. Jackson WF. Potassium Channels in Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Growth. Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.). 2017; 78: 89–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.001

16. Demirel S, Sahinturk S, Isbil N, et al. Physiological role of K+ channels in irisin-induced vasodilation in rat thoracic aorta. Peptides. 2022; 147: 170685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170685

17. Saxton SN, Toms LK, Aldous RG, et al. Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy. 2021; 35(6): 1291–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07136-0

18. Meziat C, Boulghobra D, Strock E, et al. Exercise training restores eNOS activation in the perivascular adipose tissue of obese rats: Impact on vascular function. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry. 2019; 86: 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2019.02.009

19. Bussey CE, Withers SB, Aldous RG, et al. Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2016; 36(7): 1377–1385. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307210


Supplementary files

1. Figure 1. Food consumption (A) and caloric intake (B) in the control (SD) group, the group of animals on diet (CAF) and after switching to standard feed (Post-CAF). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni test).
Subject
Type Исследовательские инструменты
View (99KB)    
Indexing metadata ▾
2. Figure 2. Dynamics of changes in body weight during the experiment. The diet group includes 6 weeks of keeping animals on a cafe diet and a further 6 weeks on standard food. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni test).
Subject
Type Исследовательские инструменты
View (97KB)    
Indexing metadata ▾
3. Figure 3. Contractile responses of aortic ring segments to the action of PhE. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni test).
Subject
Type Исследовательские инструменты
View (91KB)    
Indexing metadata ▾
4. Figure 4. Changes in the contractile responses of aortic segments to the action of PhE: A - dose-dependent curves when using the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME (10⁻⁴ M); B - the amplitude of relaxation responses to the introduction of SNP (10-5 M); C is the difference in the amplitude of contractions in PhE (10-5 M), expressed as a % of the amplitude of contractions in physiological solution, before and after pretreatment with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) (1×10⁻³ M). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni test, p<0.05).
Subject
Type Исследовательские инструменты
View (233KB)    
Indexing metadata ▾

Review

For citations:


Pankova M.N. Return to a standard diet after a high-calorie diet improves metabolic indexes and reactivity of the rat aorta. Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(4):340-347. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/omet13105

Views: 666


ISSN 2071-8713 (Print)
ISSN 2306-5524 (Online)