Psychological, morphological and dietic aspects of violations of food behavior of young people

Background: The article shows that the development of obesity and associated health disorders is directly related to the changes in eating behavior (EB) and the psychoemotional state. However, the considered studies were carried out in obese patients of medical institutions only. The research in young people focuses mainly on the sociological and psychological aspects of EB.

Aim: To study the psychological characteristics, eating behavior features and their relationship with the indicators of actual nutrition and the body composition in young men.

Materials and methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional sample survey of young men aged 17 to 21 was performed. A survey of violations of the EB was carried out, on the basis of which 5 groups of young men were formed. Group 1 (comparison) consisted of young men without violations of the EB. Group 2 consisted of young men with impaired emotiogenic EB. Group 3 consisted of boys with violations of the restrictive PP; group 4 — young men with impaired external EB; group 5 — young men with a combination of impairment of emotionogenic and restrictive EB. We used the Dutch DEBQ questionnaire to study the types of eating behavior. The current mental state of the testees was evaluated by a clinical and psychological test — Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The body composition was assessed with the ABC-01 «Medass» bioimpedansometry device. The «Analysis of the human nutritional state” computer program was applied to estimate the actual nutrition by the frequency analysis method.

Results: The study included 96 volunteers. Young men with impaired external EB feature an increase in the daily average energy consumption, which resulted in an increase in BFM%. In young people with eating disorders, an increase in scores on the «Somatization», «Obsession-compulsion», and «Anxiety» scales as compared to the reference valuesis testified. The depression level in young men correlated with the severity of emotiogenic eating behavior (r = 0.455, p <0.001).However, it is associated with the severity of external EB to a greater extent (r = 0.608, p <0.001). On the contrary, the anxiety level more strongly correlated with the severity of emotiogenic EB (r = 0.575, p <0.001) rather than of external EB type (r = 0.391, p <0.001).

Conclusion: EB disorders in young men are associated with psychophysiological features, eating disorders accounting for the accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

1. Mihajlova AP, SHtrahova AV. Pishchevoe povedenie v norme, v usloviyah stressa i pri patologii: bibliograficheskij obzor // Bulletin of SUSU. Series «Psychology». Chelyabinsk, 2018;11(3):80-95. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14529/psy180310

2. Malkina-Pykh IG. Terapiya pishchevogo povedeniya. Spravochnik prakticheskogo psikhologa. Moscow: Eksmo; 2007. (InRuss.).

3. Volkova GE, Romantsova TI, Voznesenskaya TG, Roik OV. Pishchevoe povedenie u patsientov s ozhireniem. Obesity and metabolism. 2007;4(2):17-21. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5158

4. Mohova IG, Pinhasov BB, SHilina NI, et al. Osobennosti psihoemocional’nogo sostoyaniya, pishchevogo povedeniya i pokazatelej gormonal’no-adipokinovoj regulyacii metabolizma u muzhchin s podkozhnym i abdominal’nym tipami raspredeleniya zhira // Obesity and metabolism. 2020;17(2):156-163. (InRuss.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12100

5. Blinova EG, Akimova IS, Bogunova OS, et al. Osobennosti pishchevogo povedeniya i vospriyatiya obraza tela devushek i yunoshej. Modern problems of science and education. 2015;2:61-70. (InRuss.).

6. Kovalenko K.A. Osobennosti vospriyatiya sobstvennogo tela u lic s razlichnymi tipami narusheniya pishchevogo povedeniya. Forcipe. 2019;2(5):1020-1021. (InRuss.)

7. Lyapina MB, Hafizov RZh, Valiev PP, et al. Harakteristika narushenij pishchevogo povedeniya u studentov 1-go kursa IGMA s izbytochnoj massoj tela i metabolicheskim sindromom. Trudy izhevskoj gosudarstvennoj medicinskoj akademii. Sb. nauch. statej. Izhevsk: Izd-vo: GBOU VPO «Izhevskaya gosudarstvennaya medicinskaya akademiya»; 2016. P. 56-58. (In Russ.).

8. Mamchik NP, Gabbasova NV, Dzen’ NV. Rasstrojstva pishhevogo povedenija kak prediktor formirovanija izbytochnoj massy tela u zdorovyh ljudej. Scientific and Medical Bulletin of the Central Black Earth Region. 2018;73:79-86. (in Russ.).

9. Larina NG. Osobennosti pishchevogo povedeniya, obraza zhizni i psihologicheskogo statusa u podrostkov s ozhireniem i vegetativnoj disfunkciej. Bulletin of Novgorod State University. 2017;8(106):58-60. (In Russ.).

10. van Strien T, Frijters JER, Bergers GPA, Defares PB. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5(2):295-315. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098- 108X(198602)5:23.0.CO;2-T

11. Tarabrina NV. Praktikum po psihologii posttravmaticheskogo stressa. SPb.: Piter, 2001. (In Russ.).

12. Rudnev SG, Soboleva NP, Sterlikov SA, et al. Bioimpedansnoe issledovanie sostava tela naselenija Rossii. M.: RIO CNIIOIZ. 2014: 493 (In Russ.).

13. Composition of the population by age and sex by urban districts and municipal districts of the Altai Territory: Statistical Bulletin. Barnaul: Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic; 2018. 184 p. (In Russ.).

14. Sergienko VI, Bondareva IB. Mathematical statistics in clinical research]. Moscow: «Geotar Medicine»; 2000. 160 p. (In Russ.).

15. Strueva NV, Polujektov MG, Savel’eva LV, et al. Osobennosti pishhevogo povedenija, jemocional’nogo sostojanija i pokazatelej metabolizma u bol’nyh ozhireniem s insomnicheskimi rasstrojstvami. Obesity and metabolism. 2014;11(2):24-29. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/OMET2014224-29

16. Nigorodova SE, Kazakova OM, Filatova O, Kutseva EV. Estimation of the actual nutrition and psychological features of girls with and without eating behavior disorders. Health, Physical Culture and Sports. 2019;4(15):297-302.

17. Kelina MJu. Sociokul’turnye faktory formirovanija neudovletvorennosti telom i narushenij pishhevogo povedenija. Bulletin of Moscow State Linguistic University. 2012;7(640):158-165 (In Russ.).

18. Gladyshev OA. Giperfagicheskie reakcii v ramkah rasstrojstv pishhevogo povedenija. Klinicheskie osobennosti i terapija. Rational pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2014;10(2):190-194. (In Russ.).

19. Marilov VV, Artem’eva MS, Sulejmanov RA, Brjuhin AE. Rezul’taty dlitel’nogo longit’judinal’nogo issledovanija narushenij pishhevogo povedenija. Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: Medicine. 2006;2:129-133. (In Russ.).

20. Wurtman R.J., Wurtman J.J. Brain serotonin, carbohydratecraving, obesity and depression. Obes Res. 1995;3(4):477S-480S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00215.x