In this article we will try to highlight recent advances in the study of this mysterious problem as idiopathic edema (IE), exposing the most common myths of the disease. Idiopathic edema - a syndrome that is excess weight gain, which has no known cause. Other terms to describe this state is: "cyclic and periodic swelling," "syndrome fluid retention" and "orthostatic edema."

The combination of arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity is the focus of modern medicine due to the high prevalence of this phenomenon in modern society, an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus (DM) and premature death [1, 2, 3]. According to the World Health Organization, about 30% of the world population, of which 16.8% - 14.9% and women - men who are overweight [1] .In the present time for a more accurate designation of high cardiovascular risk patients with a typical combination of hypertension with abdominal obesity (AO), impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia, in clinical practice is widely used term "metabolic syndrome" (MS). The prevalence of MS in the population of developed countries, according to various estimates, ranging from 10 to 30%. According to special studies in patients with MS significantly increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cardiovascular and total death [4, 5.6]. Isolation of this syndrome as a stable combination of several risk factors and occur when insulin sensitivity is of great practical importance. Changing lifestyles and adequate therapy can completely eliminate MS. This significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications and diabetes [1, 2, 3]. To determine the true prevalence of MS in the population requires a fairly high costs associated with the need for appropriate laboratory studies. At the same time, the main, essentially obligate, namely a MS component AB, which may be readily determined by physical examination [7].

In clinical practice, physicians of different specialties often faced with the metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of hormonal and metabolic disorders that share a common pathophysiological mechanism - insulin resistance (IR) [1, 5, 11]. MS is important for the clinician not only how widespread pathology, but primarily as a life-threatening condition. Of course, this syndrome plays an important role in accelerating the development and progression of diseases associated with atherosclerosis, which, according to experts WHO, ranks first among the causes of mortality in industrialized countries [12, 16, 19]. This situation is particularly important for Russia due to the relatively high spread of the syndrome, component, according to several authors, about 20% of the population, and high rates of death from coronary heart disease and stroke in the Russian population [2, 4, 5]. It is known that the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and total coronary mortality increases with the number of components of metabolic syndrome [14, 15, 20]. The study J.H. Park et al., Which included 478 patients with ischemic stroke, MS was diagnosed in 53.4% of patients (criteria NCEP ATP III), the thickness of the complex value of the index "intima-media" of the carotid arteries was increased in direct proportion to an increase in the number of available components of MS [20] . Link between R & D and cardiovascular disease, apparently, is endothelial dysfunction, which is the study at various metabolic diseases received much attention [9, 10, 22]. Endothelial dysfunction, which is typical for many patients with MS, is a marker of metabolic and vascular disorders [15, 22]. In the initial period of development of the atherosclerotic process, even when there are no obvious clinical manifestations and visible morphological changes of blood vessels, the main role is played by endothelial dysfunction [9, 21]. Endothelial dysfunction is also discussed as one of the reasons for the rapid development, progression of atherosclerosis and its complications in patients with MS [11,18]. For example, recent studies have shown that tears plaques leading to myocardial infarction, do not always occur in the zone of maximum stenosis of the coronary arteries [13]. Rather, they tend to occur in places restrictions of small - less than 50% by angiography. The study of endothelial function in patients with MS is at the initial stages of the study [8, 15, 18]. In addition, of particular interest is the study of the effect of weight loss on the state of the endothelium in the syndrome of insulin resistance.

Obesity is the cause of a number of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [1]. Obesity is associated with the development of a number of hormone-dependent tumors (breast cancer, uterine cancer) and colon cancer [2]. Metabolic and hormonal disorders that accompany obesity and underlying a number of diseases, including may have an impact on erectile function. Despite the fact that in the literature there are few publications on the relationship of obesity and erectile dysfunction (ED), we could not find work on the effectiveness of treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction and obesity. These large-scale research on the role of weight loss in the treatment of other diseases, such as such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, suggest that weight control and related metabolic disorders are able to provide a significant improvement in erectile quality function and effectiveness of the treatment of ED [3, 4, 5, 6].

Obesity is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. This is - one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, was characterized by WHO as "non-infectious epidemic of the late XX - early XXI century." According to data presented at the Consensus Conference of the National Institutes of Health and the American Society of Bariatric Surgeons in 2004, as well as the WHO European Conference on Obesity in 2006, 1.7 billion people on the planet, including 2/3 of the US population are overweight (MT), with one in five adults and one in seven teen - morbid obesity, ie, has a body mass index greater than 40 kg / m2. More than 700 000 deaths in the United States, and 1 million in Europe each year can be attributed to obesity, and in the structure of mortality in 13% of Europeans reasons anyway associated with obesity. Life expectancy at morbid obesity is reduced by 9 years for women and 12 years for men. According to forecasts of epidemiologists, 2025 will double the number of patients suffering from obesity.

One of the urgent problems of modern health care is the increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. Late diagnosis and delayed initiation of treatment lead to serious complications such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present there are quite rare syndromes associated with obesity: Prader-Willi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl, Alström. Bardet-Biedl syndrome, - a disease characterized by obesity central origin, retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction.

• Actuality of the problem of metabolic syndrome: expert opinion. • Chemerin is a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. • Brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome are characterised by impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity and related metabolic defects. • Microvascular dysfunction: a potential pathophysiological role in the metabolic syndrome. • Cardiotrophin-1 is expressed in adipose tissue and it is UP-regulated in the metabolic syndrome. • Magnesium Intake, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Inflammation. • Red meat in the diet. • Relationships of maternal and paternal birth weights to features of the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring: an inter-generation study in South India. • The truth about milk! • Therapeutic uses of aromatase inhibitors in men. • Reduction of body weight and co-morbidities by orlistat: The XXL - Primary Health Care Trial