The review article highlights the main effects of therapeutic strategies on proinflammatory and procoagulant abnormalities
which accompany metabolic syndrome. The main role in correction of these abnormalities belongs to dietotherapy and physical exercises.
Besides, sometimes it is appropriate to use drugs which improve insulin resistance - metformin and thiazolidinediones - as they display
many other positive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant actions.

Obesity is one of the most socially significant chronic diseases, that has taken the magnitude of the epidemic, with increasing
attention to obesity in pregnant women. Despite continuous improvement of surveillance system for antenatal and obstetric care, the number
of pregnant women with obesity is increasing, in this connection, this problem is of special importance. The present review covers
the basic mechanisms involved in development of obesity and hormonal disor-ders in pregnancy, the risks and complications associated
with obesity in pregnancy. As well as measures for the prevention of excess weight before and during pregnancy.

We have analyzed the opportunity to use in Russian practice An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Prevention
and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity. The document contains exact statements on diagnostic criteria of obesity and overweight, clarification
of basic principles of investigation, detailed therapeutic recommendations, considerations on obesity prophylaxis problem. All recommendations
are given according to the evidence database existing to the moment of guideline development. The guidelines are found
to be comfortable to use by clinicians taking in consideration a few limitations. Clarifications in international pediatric percentile body
mass index charts usage, nomenclature specifications, and pharmacotherapy with drugs non-approved for children are necessary.

We have performed an estimation of metabolic disorders in 70 persons with various early glucose metabolism abnormalities
(IFG and IGT). Oral glucose tolerance test (ОGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were done in all subjects. HbA1с,
insulin and C-peptide levels were also determined. Further НОМА-R, QUICKI, MATSUDA indexes, speed of glucose elimination from
the blood (k), production of glucose (H) and a degree of glucose metabolism disorders (pN) were estimated. Glucose hyperproduction
and liver insulin resistance is more typical for IFG, than for isolated IGT. It was confirmed by higher parameter of liver glucose production
(H) and HOMA-R index in patients with IFG. On the contrary peripheral insulin resistance is more typical for isolated IGT. Index of insulin
sensitivity MATSUDA and speed of glucose elimination from the blood (k) were lower in IGT than in IFG patients. First phase
of insulin secretion was broken in patients with combination IGT and IFG, which can explain the high incidence of transformation in
2 type diabetes mellitus in patients with combination IGT and IFG. The lowest HbA1c levels was found among persons with IGT. It is
likely that ordinary life food intake (not glucose loading) in this group of patients does not result in chronic hyperglycemia and excessive
hemoglobin glycation.

The object of the study was to assess the frequency of visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome and
diabetes mellitus in women of different ages. Materials and methods: 562 women from 20 to 65 years old were included and divided
into 3 groups: 273 women < 45 years old (group A), 160 women of 45 - 55 years old (group B) and 129 - > 55 years old (group C).
The examination included antropometric parameters, measurement of blood pressure, blood samples collection in order to investigate
concentrations of glucose and lipids. Results: the frequency of visceral obesity was 52,0%, and metabolic syndrome - 18,1%. These
frequencies increased in parallel with age. Higher insidence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertrigliceridemia and
impaired fasting plasma gucose level were also observed with age. Diabetes mellitus was revealed in 1,2% of women. It`s frequency was
0,6% in group B and 4,7% in group C; in women younger than 45 years old no cases of diabetes mellitus were observed. Conclusion:
significant increase of frequencies of visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus in women
older than 45, and especially - older than 55 years old stresses the necessity of an intense medical care for women of these age groups,
and implementation of measures for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.

The article describes the results of a combined treatment by means of diet and reflexotherapy in primary obesity. After the described
treatment programme the change in following parameters was observed: decrease of glucose levels, immuno-reactive insulin
indices (on an empty stomach and 2 hours after taking 75g of glucose), leptin (after the course of treatment and a year later) with the association
in decrease in body weight. The application of diet-reflexotherapy contributes to the decrease of appetite which results in the
reduction of the amount of taken food due to rapid satiety during the meal, and allows alleviating of insulin resistance.

There is abdominal obesity in men that is accompanied with high risk of concomitant disease. The different authors data about
close relation between obesity and metabolic syndrome with hypogonadism in men are performed in this article. Reduction of body
weight due to the treatment with Xenical is accompanied by improvement of metabolic syndrome symptoms.

Bone metabolism and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) are very important in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia
(MEN) type 1 syndrome. Case report: we present a clinical case of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in a patient with a familal MEN
1 syndrome and severe PHPT debuted at a young age w. Pituitary Cushing syndrome was diagnosed in 16 years old patient. He had marked
osteoporosis due to hypercorticism and deficiency of sex hormones (-12% from the age norm). There was significant positive dynamics
in BMD (+7% by Z-score) after remission of hypercorticism by two courses of radiation treatment and effective hormone replacement therapy
of hypogonadism. PHPT with marked decrease in BMD at three sites was revealed at age of 19 years. Obvious increase in BMD was observed
during a year after effective surgical treatment and antiosteoporotic therapy. In conclusion, this clinical case demonstrates the combined
influence of various factors on bone metabolism in patients with MEN type 1 syndrome, which requires integrated approach to successful
therapy.