Возможные биохимические механизмы, вовлеченные в благотворные и побочные эффекты фолатов

В некоторых странах существует практика обогащения муки и мучных изделий фолиевой кислотой с целью снижения риска развития дефектов нервной трубки и анемии.

Целью данного обзора является обсуждение целесообразности принудительного использования этих добавок.

Установлено, что фолиевая кислота предотвращает развитие дефектов нервной трубки, в частности, spina bifida и anencephaly, а также препятствует развитию макроцитарной (мегалобластической) анемии. Способность фолиевой кислоты снижать уровень гомоцистеина лежит в основе ее протекторного воздействия на сердечно-сосудистую патологию. Однако высокий фолатный статус может подавлять ответ на антифолаты. Более того, сочетание высокой концентрации фолата с дефицитом витамина В12 зачастую ассоциируется с повышением риска нарушения когнитивной функции и анемии. Согласно имеющейся информации, фолат оказывает двойственное влияние на канцерогенез, с одной стороны, препятствуя инициации, с другой – способствуя росту неопластических клеток и их метастазированию. Представляет ли фолиевая кислота фактор риска для развития некоторых патологий или оказывает благотворное действие, еще предстоит выяснить.

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