Epidemiya ozhireniya: ochevidnye i veroyatnye prichiny
https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5186
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, has become a global epidemic. Although there is abundant
evidence that diet and exercise are key factors in the obesity epidemic, it is equally clear that a variety of environmental factors play an
important role in this process. These include such factors as gut flora, insufficient sleep, stress, social environment, maternal influences,
endocrine disrupters and others. These factors target key hormonal signaling pathways involved in adipogenesis, regulation of appetite.
They are also likely to play important roles in obesity epidemic and are therefore worthy of further study.
evidence that diet and exercise are key factors in the obesity epidemic, it is equally clear that a variety of environmental factors play an
important role in this process. These include such factors as gut flora, insufficient sleep, stress, social environment, maternal influences,
endocrine disrupters and others. These factors target key hormonal signaling pathways involved in adipogenesis, regulation of appetite.
They are also likely to play important roles in obesity epidemic and are therefore worthy of further study.
Keywords
References
1. Аульченко Ю. С. Разработка и применение методов полногеномного анализа генетических ассоциаций сложных признаков. Автореферат дисс. доктора биол. наук. Новосибирск. - 2010.
2. Гвоздев В.А. Регуляция активности генов, обусловленная химической модификацией (метилированием) ДНК. http://nature.web.ru/db/msg. html?mid=1159503&uri=index.html.
3. Дедов И.И. Проблема ожирения: от синдрома к заболеванию // Ожирение и метаболизм. - 2006. - № 1(6). - С. 2-4.
4. Коваленко Т.Ф. Метилирование генома млекопитающих // Молекулярная медицина. - 2010. - № 6. - С. 21-29.
5. Никитенко А.С. Нарушение эпигенетической регуляции активности генов и болезни человека // Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. - 2001. - № 10. - С. 43-48.
6. Романцова Т.И. Патогенетический подход к лечению ожирения и сахарного диабета 2 типа // Ожирение и метаболизм. - 2008. - № 4(17). - С. 2-10.
7. Сонди Л. Учебник экспериментальной диагностики влечений: глубинно-психологическая диагностика и ее применение в психопатологии, психосоматике, судебной психиатрии, криминологии, психофармакологии, профессиональном, семейном и подростковом консультировании, характерологии и этнологии. Пер. с нем. / М.: Когито- Центр. - 2005. - 557 с.
8. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T. et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. - 2004. - № 101. - Р. 15718-15723.
9. Barclay L. Short or Long Sleep Duration Linked to Weight Gain. Sleep. - 2008. - № 31. - Р. 517-523.
10. Barker D.J.P., Eriksson J.G., Forsén T., Osmond C. Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis // Int J Epidemiol. - 2002. - № 31. - Р. 1235-1239.
11. Campion J., Milagro F.I. Martinez J.A. Individuality and epigenetics in obesity // Obes Rev. - 2009. - № 10. - Р. 383-392.
12. Cani P.D., Amar J., Iglesias M.A. et al. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance // Diabetes. - 2007. - № 56. - Р. 1761-1772.
13. Cauter E.V., Knutson K.L. Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults // Eur J Endocrinol. - 2008. - № 159. - Р. 59-66.
14. Chaput J.P., Després J.P., Bouchard C., Tremblay A. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: results from the Québec Family Study // Obesity. - 2007. - № 15. - Р. 253-261.
15. Christakis N.A, Fowler J.H. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years // N Engl J Med. - 2007. - № 357. - Р. 370-379.
16. Cizza G., Marincola P., Mattingly М. et al. Treatment of obesity with extension of sleep duration: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial // Clin Trials. - 2010. - № 7 (3). - Р. 274-285.
17. Cotoyannis P., Wildman J. Using relative distributions to investigate the body mass index in England and Canada // Health Economics. - 2007. - № 16 (9). - Р. 924- 944.
18. Cummings D.E., Schwartz M.W. Genetics and pathophysiology of human obesity // Annu Rev Med. - 2003. - № 54. - Р. 453-471.
19. Diamanti-Kandrakis E., Bourguignon J.P., Giudice L.C. et al. Endocrine-disruption chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement // Endocr Rev. - 2009. - № 20(4). - Р. 293-342.
20. Duhl D.M. et al. Neomorphic agouti mutations in obese yellow mice // Nature. - 1994. - № 8. - Р. 59-65.
21. Edlund M. Designed to last. - 2006. http://www.doctoredlund.com/.
22. Farooqi I.S., O'Rahilly S. Genetics of obesity in humans // Endocr Rev. - 2006. - № 27. - Р. 710-718.
23. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., Johnson C.L. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 // JAMA. - 2002. - № 288(14). - Р. 1723- 1727.
24. Fraga M., Ballestar E., Paz M. et al. Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins // PNAS. - 2005. - № 102(30). - Р. 10605-10609.
25. Froy O. Metabolism and circadian rhythms - implications for obesity // Endocr Rev. - 2009. - № 31(1). - Р. 1-24.
26. Gangwisch J., Heymsfield S. Sleep deprivation as a risk factor for obesity: results based on the NHANES I // North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO). - 2004. - № 42. - A11.
27. Garaulet M. Chronobiology and Obesity: The Orchestra Out of Tune // Clin Lipidol. - 2010. - № 5(2). - Р. 181-188
28. Gluckman P.D., Hanson M.A., Buklijas T. et al. Epigenetic mechanism that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases // Nat Rev Endocrinol. - 2009. - № 5. - Р. 401-408.
29. Grun F., Blumberg B. Endocrine disrupters as obesogens // Mol Cell Endocrinol. - 2009. - № 304. - Р. 19-29.
30. Hales C.N., Barker D.J. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis // Diabetologia. - 1992. - № 35. - Р. 595-601.
31. Heijmansa B.T., Tobia E.W. Steinb A.D.et al. Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans // PNAS. - 2008. - № 105(44). - Р. 17046-17049.
32. James W.F.T. Epidemiology of obesity // Internat J Obes. - 1992. - № 16(2 suppl). - Р. 23-6.
33. Ley R.E., Backhed F., Turnbaugh P. et al. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. - 2005. - № 102. - Р. 11070-11075.
34. Manco M., Putignani L., Botazzo F. Gut microbiota, llipopolisaharides and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovacular risk // Endocr Rev. - 2010. - № 31(6). - Р. 2-64.
35. Martin J.A., Hamilton B.E., Sutton P.D. et al. Births: final data for 2004 // Natl Vital Stat Rep. - 2006. - № 55. - Р. 1-101.
36. Mathews T.J., Hamilton B.E. Mean age of mother, 1970-2000 // Natl Vital Stat Rep. - 2002. - № 51. - Р. 1-13.
37. Neel J.V. Diabetes mellitus: a "thrifty" genotype rendered detrimental to progress? // Am J Hum Genet. - 1962. - № 14. - Р. 353-62.
38. Newbold R.R. Impact of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals on the development of obesity // Hormones. - 2010. - № 9(3). - Р. 206-217.
39. Ogden C.L., Carroll M.D., Curtin L.R. et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004 // JAMA. - 2006. - № 295(13). - Р. 1549-1555.
40. Painter R.C., Osmond C., Gluckman P. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life // Int J Ostet Gyn. - 2008. - № 10. - Р. 1243-1249.
41. Patel S. R., Hu F.B. Short Sleep Duration and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review // Obesity. - 2008. - № 16 (3). - Р. 643-653.
42. Patterson M.L., Stern S., Crawford P.B. et al. Sociodemographic factors and obesity in preadolescent black and white girls: NHLBI's Growth and Health Study // J Natl Med Ass. - 1997. - № 89. - Р. 594-600.
43. Popkin B. The World is Fat: The Fads, Trends, Policies, and Products That Are Fattening the Human Race. www.cpc.unc.edu.
44. Rankinen T., Zuberi A., Chagnon Y. et al. The human obesity gene map: the 2005 update // Obesity. - 2006. - № 14(4). - Р. 529-644.
45. Rothstein M., Cai Y., Marchant G. E. The Ghost in Our Genes: Legal and Ethical Implications of Epigenetics // Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine. - 2009. - № 19 (1). - Р. 2-37.
46. Speakman J.R. A nonadaptive scenario explaining predisposition to obesity: the "predation release" hypothesis // Cell Metab. - 2007. - № 6. - Р. 5-12.
47. Speakman J.R. Thrifty genes for obesity, an attractive but flawed idea, and alternative perspective: the drifty gene hypothesis // Int J Obes. - 2008. - № 32. - Р. 1611-1617.
48. Speakman J.R.,, Djafarian K., Stewart J., Jackson D.M. Assortative mating for obesity // Am J Clin Nutr. - 2007. - № 86. - Р. 316-23.
49. Sturm R. Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986- 2000 // Arch Intern Med. - 2003. - № 163(18). - Р. 2146-2148.
50. Taylor P.D., Poston L. Developmental programming of obesity in mammals // Experimental Physiology. - 2006. - № 92. - Р. 287-298.
51. Tsukumo1 D.M., Carvalho D.M., Carvalho-Filho M.A., Saad M. J. Translational research into gut microbiota: new horizons in obesity treatment // Arg Bras Endocrinol Metab. - 2009. - № 53(2). - Р. 139-144.
52. Turek F.W., Joshu C., Kohsaka A. et al. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice // Science. - 2005. - № 308(5724). - Р. 1043-1045.
53. Turnbaugh P.J., Ley R.E., Mahowald M.A. et al. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest // Nature. - 2006. - № 444. - Р. 1027-1031.
54. van-Vliet-Ostaptchouk J.V., Hofker M.H., Schouw Y.T. et al. Genetic variation in the hypothalamic pathway and its role on obesity // Obes Rev. - 2009. - № 10. - Р. 593-609.
55. Walley A.J., Asher J.E., Froguel P. The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity // Nat Rev Genetic. - 2009. - № 10. - Р. 431-442.
56. Wang Y., Beydoun M. A., Liang L. et al. Will all americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic // Obesity. - 2008. - № 16 (10). - Р. 2323-2330.
57. WHO Regional Office for Europe. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response / Ed. Branca F., 2007 http://www.euro.who. int/document/E90711.pdf.
58. Wilkinson P.W., Parkin J.M., Pearlson J. et al. Obesity in childhood: A community study in Newcastle upon Tyne // Lancet. - 1977. - № 1. - Р. 350-352.
59. World Health Organisation. Global Health Risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks (2009). http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_ disease/global_health_risks/en/index.html.
60. World Health Organization. On behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems, Observatory Studies Series No 19. Health in the European Union: Trends and Analysis, 2009. http://www.euro.who.int/observatory/Studies/20100201_1.
61. www.hugenavigator.net.
62. Yang W., Tanika K, He J. Genetic epidemiology of obesity // Epidem Rev 2007. - № 29. - Р. 49-61.
63. Zaninotto P., Head J.,Stamatakis E. Trends in obesity among adults in England from 1993 to 2004 by age and social class and projections of prevalence to 2012 // J Epidemiol Community Health. - 2009. - № 63. - Р. 140-146.
64. Zimmet P. «Globalization, coca-colonization and the chronic disease epidemic: can the Doomsday scenario be averted?» // J Int Med. - 2000. - № 247. - Р. 17-26.
65. Zvonic S., Ptitsyn A.A., Conrad S.A. et al. Characterization of peripheral circadian clocks in adipose tissues // Diabetes. - 2006. - № 55. - Р. 962-970.
Review
For citations:
Epidemiya ozhireniya: ochevidnye i veroyatnye prichiny. Obesity and metabolism. 2011;8(1):5-19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5186
Views:
1153
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Email this article 
