Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions

T. I. Romantsova

Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions

T. I. Romantsova

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Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases has prompted researchers to expand the study of the biology of adipose tissue. New technologies have significantly expanded the understanding of adipogenesis mechanisms, various aspects of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as the paracrine and endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a complex, heterogeneous endocrine organ. The existence of several shades of adipocytes demonstrates their morphological and functional heterogeneity. The main function of white adipose tissue is to store energy. Brown and white adipocytes perform a predominantly thermogenic function. Bone marrow (yellow) adipose tissue regulates the processes of bone remodeling and hematopoiesis. Pink adipocytes are formed during pregnancy and satisfy the energy needs of the offspring. The study of the biology of adipose tissue is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and determining its molecular relationships with type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The review presents current literature data on the origin, adipogenesis, and functional properties of adipose tissue depending on its cellular composition and localization. It outlines the nature of changes in adipose tissue in obesity and the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of various adipose tissue depots.

Keywords

obesity, adipocytes, adipogenesis, adipose tissues

About the Author

T. I. Romantsova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation

Tatiana I. Romantsova, MD, PhD, professor

2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia

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Supplementary files

	1. Figure 1. Phenotypic and functional properties of white, brown, beige, yellow, pink adipocytes (adapted from J. Zinngrebe et al., 2020) [7].
	Subject
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	View (503KB)	Indexing metadata ▾

	2. Figure 2. Alkylglycerols (ACG) breast milk lipids induce browning of white adipocytes in infants (adapted from H. Yo et al., 2019) [47].
	Subject
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	View (228KB)	Indexing metadata ▾

	3. Figure 3. Autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects of batokins (adapted from C. Scheele et al., 2020) [31].
	Subject
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	View (397KB)	Indexing metadata ▾

	4. Figure 4. Regulatory effect of marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) (adapted from L. Chong et al., 2021) [80].
	Subject
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	View (383KB)	Indexing metadata ▾

	5. Figure 5. Transdifferentiation of breast adipocytes in the lactation cycle (adapted from the work of C. Kothari et al., 2020) [97].
	Subject
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	View (342KB)	Indexing metadata ▾

Review

For citations:

Romantsova T.I. Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions. Obesity and metabolism. 2021;18(3):282-301. (In Russ.)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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	Title	Figure 1. Phenotypic and functional properties of white, brown, beige, yellow, pink adipocytes (adapted from J. Zinngrebe et al., 2020) [7].
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	Date	2021-10-26

	Title	Figure 2. Alkylglycerols (ACG) breast milk lipids induce browning of white adipocytes in infants (adapted from H. Yo et al., 2019) [47].
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	Date	2021-10-26

	Title	Figure 3. Autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects of batokins (adapted from C. Scheele et al., 2020) [31].
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	Date	2021-10-26

	Title	Figure 4. Regulatory effect of marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) (adapted from L. Chong et al., 2021) [80].
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	Date	2021-10-26

	Title	Figure 5. Transdifferentiation of breast adipocytes in the lactation cycle (adapted from the work of C. Kothari et al., 2020) [97].
	Type	Исследовательские инструменты
	Date	2021-10-26

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Obesity and metabolism

Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions

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