<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet9510</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-9510</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Достоинства и ограничения различных методов диагностики висцерального ожирения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Advantages and disadvantages of different methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брель</surname><given-names>Наталья Кирилловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brel</surname><given-names>Natalia K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brel.n.k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коков</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.kokv@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-829X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздева</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdeva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_gruzdeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБНУ &amp;laquo;Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брель Н.К., Коков А.Н., Груздева О.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брель Н.К., Коков А.Н., Груздева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brel N.K., Kokov A.N., Gruzdeva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9510">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9510</self-uri><abstract><p>Данный аналитический обзор посвящен вопросу изучения висцерального ожирения как фактора риска развития и прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В обзоре обсуждаются эволюция методов диагностики висцерального ожирения, их достоинства и ограничения для различных эктопических жировых депо.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This analytical review is devoted to the study of visceral obesity as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The presented review discusses the evolution of methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity, their advantages and limitation for various ectopic fat depots.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>висцеральное ожирение</kwd><kwd>периваскулярная жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>эпикардиальная жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>мультиспиральная компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visceral obesity</kwd><kwd>perivascular fat</kwd><kwd>epicardial fat</kwd><kwd>multidetector computerized tomography</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imagine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А.Г., Андреев Е.М., Тимонин С.А. Смертность от болезней системы кровообращения и продолжительность жизни в России // Демографическое обозрение. – 2016. – T.3. – №1. – C.6-34. [Vishnevskiy AG, Andreev EM, Timonin SA. Smertnost ot bolezney sistemyi krovoobrascheniya i prodolzhitelnost zhizni v Rossii. Demograficheskoe obozrenie. 2016;3(1):6-34. (in Russ).] doi: 10.17323/demreview.v3i1.1761</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вишневский А.Г., Андреев Е.М., Тимонин С.А. Смертность от болезней системы кровообращения и продолжительность жизни в России // Демографическое обозрение. – 2016. – T.3. – №1. – C.6-34. [Vishnevskiy AG, Andreev EM, Timonin SA. Smertnost ot bolezney sistemyi krovoobrascheniya i prodolzhitelnost zhizni v Rossii. Demograficheskoe obozrenie. 2016;3(1):6-34. (in Russ).] doi: 10.17323/demreview.v3i1.1761</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оганов Р.Г., Масленникова Г.Я. Профилактика сердечно-сосудистых и других неинфекционных заболеваний – основа улучшения демографической ситуации в России // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2005. – T.4. – №3. – C.4-9. [Oganov RG, Maslennikova GY. Prevention of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases – a basis for Russian demographic situation improvement. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2005;4(3):4-9. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Оганов Р.Г., Масленникова Г.Я. Профилактика сердечно-сосудистых и других неинфекционных заболеваний – основа улучшения демографической ситуации в России // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2005. – T.4. – №3. – C.4-9. [Oganov RG, Maslennikova GY. Prevention of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases – a basis for Russian demographic situation improvement. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2005;4(3):4-9. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д., Оганов Р.Г. Факторы, влияющие на смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в российской популяции // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2005. – T.4. – №1. – C.4-9. [Shalnova S.A., Deev A.D., Oganov R.G. Factors influencing cardiovascular mortality in Russian population. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2005;4(1):4-9. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д., Оганов Р.Г. Факторы, влияющие на смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в российской популяции // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2005. – T.4. – №1. – C.4-9. [Shalnova S.A., Deev A.D., Oganov R.G. Factors influencing cardiovascular mortality in Russian population. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2005;4(1):4-9. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">health.passion.ru/novosti-zdorovya [Интернет]. Ожирение в России: статистические данные. Доступно по: http://health.passion.ru/novosti-zdorovya/lishnii-ves/ozhirenie-v-rossii-statisticheskie-dannye.htm. Ссылка активна на 09.12.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">health.passion.ru/novosti-zdorovya [Интернет]. Ожирение в России: статистические данные. Доступно по: http://health.passion.ru/novosti-zdorovya/lishnii-ves/ozhirenie-v-rossii-statisticheskie-dannye.htm. Ссылка активна на 09.12.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization [Internet]. The country profile on nutrition, physical activity and obesity. Russian Federation; 2013. [cited 2018 Dec 9]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/country-work/russian-federation2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization [Internet]. The country profile on nutrition, physical activity and obesity. Russian Federation; 2013. [cited 2018 Dec 9]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/country-work/russian-federation2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаев Д.В., Смирнов А.В., Бобринская И.Г., и др. Биоимпедансный анализ состава тела человека. – М.: Наука, 2009. – 392 c. [Nikolaev DV, Smirnov AV, Bobrinskaya IG, et al. Bioimpedansnyiy analiz sostava tela cheloveka. M. 2009. (in Russ).] – ISBN 978-5-02-036696-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Николаев Д.В., Смирнов А.В., Бобринская И.Г., и др. Биоимпедансный анализ состава тела человека. – М.: Наука, 2009. – 392 c. [Nikolaev DV, Smirnov AV, Bobrinskaya IG, et al. Bioimpedansnyiy analiz sostava tela cheloveka. M. 2009. (in Russ).] – ISBN 978-5-02-036696-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М., Марчук В.П., Пиманов С.И., и др. Корреляция содержания висцеральной жировой ткани по данным компьютерной томографии с антропометрическими показателями и результатами ультразвукового исследования // Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. – 2013. – №1. – C.31-38 [Bondarenko VM, Marchuk VP, Pimanov SI, et al. Korrelyatsiya soderzhaniya vistseralnoy zhirovoy tkani po dannyim kompyuternoy tomografii s antropometricheskimi pokazatelyami i rezultatami ultrazvukovogo issledovaniya // Vestnik Vitebskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013;12(1):31-38. (in Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бондаренко В.М., Марчук В.П., Пиманов С.И., и др. Корреляция содержания висцеральной жировой ткани по данным компьютерной томографии с антропометрическими показателями и результатами ультразвукового исследования // Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. – 2013. – №1. – C.31-38 [Bondarenko VM, Marchuk VP, Pimanov SI, et al. Korrelyatsiya soderzhaniya vistseralnoy zhirovoy tkani po dannyim kompyuternoy tomografii s antropometricheskimi pokazatelyami i rezultatami ultrazvukovogo issledovaniya // Vestnik Vitebskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013;12(1):31-38. (in Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim MM. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):11-18. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim MM. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):11-18. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельниченко Г.А., Дедов И.И. Ожирение: этиология, патогенез, клинические аспекты. – M.: МИА, 2004. [Melnichenko GA, Dedov II. Ozhirenie: etiologiya, patogenez, klinicheskie aspektyi. – Moscow: MIA; 2004. (in Russ).] – ISBN 5-89481-260-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мельниченко Г.А., Дедов И.И. Ожирение: этиология, патогенез, клинические аспекты. – M.: МИА, 2004. [Melnichenko GA, Dedov II. Ozhirenie: etiologiya, patogenez, klinicheskie aspektyi. – Moscow: MIA; 2004. (in Russ).] – ISBN 5-89481-260-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Britton KA, Fox CS. Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2011;124 (24):837-841. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.077602</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Britton KA, Fox CS. Ectopic fat depots and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2011;124 (24):837-841. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.077602</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation. 2003;108(20):2460-2466. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation. 2003;108(20):2460-2466. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117(5):605-613. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Pericardial fat, visceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117(5):605-613. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fox CS, Massaro JM, Schlett CL, et al. Periaortic fat deposition is associated with peripheral arterial disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(5):515-519. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.958884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fox CS, Massaro JM, Schlett CL, et al. Periaortic fat deposition is associated with peripheral arterial disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(5):515-519. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.958884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGavock JM, Lingvay I, Zib I, et al. Cardiac steatosis in diabetes mellitus: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Circulation. 2007;116(10):1170-1175. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.645614</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGavock JM, Lingvay I, Zib I, et al. Cardiac steatosis in diabetes mellitus: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Circulation. 2007;116(10):1170-1175. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.645614</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12-year follow- up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;289(6454):1257-1261. doi: 10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12-year follow- up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;289(6454):1257-1261. doi: 10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ. 1995;311(6998):158-161. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.158</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ. 1995;311(6998):158-161. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.158</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH. Trends in waist circumference among U.S. adults. Obes Res. 2003;11(10):1223-1231. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH. Trends in waist circumference among U.S. adults. Obes Res. 2003;11(10):1223-1231. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim D-W, Kim J-Y, Jeong H. Comparison of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-to-Height Ratio as a Predictors of Abdominal Fat Distribution in Male Examinees from the Health Promotion Center. Korean J Fam Pract. 2017;7(4):596-599. doi: 10.21215/kjfp.2017.7.4.596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim D-W, Kim J-Y, Jeong H. Comparison of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-to-Height Ratio as a Predictors of Abdominal Fat Distribution in Male Examinees from the Health Promotion Center. Korean J Fam Pract. 2017;7(4):596-599. doi: 10.21215/kjfp.2017.7.4.596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15(7):539-553. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7&lt;539::AID-DIA668&gt;3.0.CO;2-S</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15(7):539-553. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7&lt;539::AID-DIA668&gt;3.0.CO;2-S</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meisinger C, Döring A, Thorand B, Heier M, Löwel H. Body fat distribution and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: are there differences between men and women? The MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(3):483-489. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.483</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meisinger C, Döring A, Thorand B, Heier M, Löwel H. Body fat distribution and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: are there differences between men and women? The MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(3):483-489. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.483</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Груздева О.В., Акбашева О.Е., Бородкина Д.А., и др. Взаимосвязь показателей ожирения и адипокинов с риском развития сахарного диабета 2 типа через год после перенесенного инфаркта миокарда // Российский кардиологический журнал. – 2015. – №4. – C.59-67. [Gruzdeva OV, Akbasheva OE, Borodkina DA, et al. Relationship of obesity parameters and adipokines with the risk of 2nd type diabetes development in a year after myocardial infarction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2015;(4):59-67. (In Russ).] doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-4-59-67</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Груздева О.В., Акбашева О.Е., Бородкина Д.А., и др. Взаимосвязь показателей ожирения и адипокинов с риском развития сахарного диабета 2 типа через год после перенесенного инфаркта миокарда // Российский кардиологический журнал. – 2015. – №4. – C.59-67. [Gruzdeva OV, Akbasheva OE, Borodkina DA, et al. Relationship of obesity parameters and adipokines with the risk of 2nd type diabetes development in a year after myocardial infarction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2015;(4):59-67. (In Russ).] doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2015-4-59-67</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armellini F, Zamboni M, Rigo L, et al. The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intraabdominal fat. J Clin Ultrasound. 1990;18 (7):563-567. doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870180707</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armellini F, Zamboni M, Rigo L, et al. The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intraabdominal fat. J Clin Ultrasound. 1990;18 (7):563-567. doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870180707</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertoli S, Leone A, Vignati L, et al. Metabolic correlates of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat measured by ultrasonography: a comparison with waist circumference. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0120-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertoli S, Leone A, Vignati L, et al. Metabolic correlates of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat measured by ultrasonography: a comparison with waist circumference. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0120-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sacks HS, Fain JN. Human epicardial adipose tissue: a review. Am Heart J. 2007;153(6):907-917. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.03.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sacks HS, Fain JN. Human epicardial adipose tissue: a review. Am Heart J. 2007;153(6):907-917. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.03.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iacobellis G, Willens Н. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(12):1311-1319. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iacobellis G, Willens Н. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22(12):1311-1319. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu C-Y, Lee W-H, Hsu P-C, et al. Association of Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(11):e2874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002874</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu C-Y, Lee W-H, Hsu P-C, et al. Association of Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(11):e2874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002874</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(11):5163-5168. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030698</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(11):5163-5168. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030698</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natale F, Tedesco MA, Mocerino R, et al. Visceral adiposity and arterial stiffness: echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness reflects, better than waist circumference, carotid arterial stiffness in a large population of hypertensives. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10(4):549-555. doi: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natale F, Tedesco MA, Mocerino R, et al. Visceral adiposity and arterial stiffness: echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness reflects, better than waist circumference, carotid arterial stiffness in a large population of hypertensives. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10(4):549-555. doi: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Т.Ю., Чумакова Г.А., Дружилов М.А., Веселовская Н.Г. Роль количественной эхокардиографической оценки эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ожирением в клинической практике // Российский кардиологический журнал. – 2017. – T.4. – №144. – C.81-87. [Kuznetsova TY, Chumakova GA, Druzhilov MA, Veselovskaya NG. Clinical application of quantitative echocardiographic assessment of epicardial fat tissue in obesity. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(4):81-87. (In Russ).] doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2017-4-81-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузнецова Т.Ю., Чумакова Г.А., Дружилов М.А., Веселовская Н.Г. Роль количественной эхокардиографической оценки эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ожирением в клинической практике // Российский кардиологический журнал. – 2017. – T.4. – №144. – C.81-87. [Kuznetsova TY, Chumakova GA, Druzhilov MA, Veselovskaya NG. Clinical application of quantitative echocardiographic assessment of epicardial fat tissue in obesity. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(4):81-87. (In Russ).] doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2017-4-81-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elming MB, Lonborg J, Rasmussen T, et al. Measurements of pericardial adipose tissue using contrast enhanced cardiac multidetector computed tomography comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;29(6):1401-1407. doi: 10.1007/s10554-013-0218-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elming MB, Lonborg J, Rasmussen T, et al. Measurements of pericardial adipose tissue using contrast enhanced cardiac multidetector computed tomography comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;29(6):1401-1407. doi: 10.1007/s10554-013-0218-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjöström L. A computer-tomography based multicompartment body composition technique and anthropometric predictions of lean body mass, total and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes. 1991;15(2):19-30. PMID: 1794934</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjöström L. A computer-tomography based multicompartment body composition technique and anthropometric predictions of lean body mass, total and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes. 1991;15(2):19-30. PMID: 1794934</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemieux S, Prud’homme D, Bouchard C, et al. A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(5):685-693. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/64.5.685</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemieux S, Prud’homme D, Bouchard C, et al. A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(5):685-693. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/64.5.685</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter GR, Snyder SW, Kekes-Szabo T, et al. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue values associated with risk of possessing elevated blood lipids and blood pressure. Obes Res. 1994;2(6):563-568. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00106.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter GR, Snyder SW, Kekes-Szabo T, et al. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue values associated with risk of possessing elevated blood lipids and blood pressure. Obes Res. 1994;2(6):563-568. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00106.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Despre`s JP, Lamarche B. Effects of diet and physical activity on adiposity and body fat distribution: implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Res Rev. 1993;6(1):137-159. doi: 10.1079/NRR19930010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Despre`s JP, Lamarche B. Effects of diet and physical activity on adiposity and body fat distribution: implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Res Rev. 1993;6(1):137-159. doi: 10.1079/NRR19930010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, Kotani K. Visceral Fat Accumulation and Cardiovascular Disease. Obes Res. 1995;3(S5):645S-647S. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00481.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, Kotani K. Visceral Fat Accumulation and Cardiovascular Disease. Obes Res. 1995;3(S5):645S-647S. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00481.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коков А.Н., Брель Н.К., Масенко В.Л., и др. Количественная оценка висцерального жирового депо у больных ишемической болезнью сердца с использованием современных томографических методик // Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. – 2017. – №3. – C.113-119. [Kokov AN, Brel NK, Masenko VL, et al. Quantitative assessment of visceral adipose depot in patients with ischemic heart disease by using of modern tomographic methods. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017;(3):113-119. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2017-6-3-113-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Коков А.Н., Брель Н.К., Масенко В.Л., и др. Количественная оценка висцерального жирового депо у больных ишемической болезнью сердца с использованием современных томографических методик // Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. – 2017. – №3. – C.113-119. [Kokov AN, Brel NK, Masenko VL, et al. Quantitative assessment of visceral adipose depot in patients with ischemic heart disease by using of modern tomographic methods. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017;(3):113-119. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2017-6-3-113-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlett CL, Massaro JM, Lehman SJ, et al. Novel measurements of periaortic adipose tissue in comparison to anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(2):226-232. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.267</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlett CL, Massaro JM, Lehman SJ, et al. Novel measurements of periaortic adipose tissue in comparison to anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(2):226-232. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.267</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahabadi AA, Lehmann N, Kälsch H, et al. Association of epicardial adipose tissue with progression of coronary artery calcification is more pronounced in the early phase of atherosclerosis: results from the Heinz Nixdorf recall study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(9):909-916. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahabadi AA, Lehmann N, Kälsch H, et al. Association of epicardial adipose tissue with progression of coronary artery calcification is more pronounced in the early phase of atherosclerosis: results from the Heinz Nixdorf recall study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(9):909-916. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi K-L, Qi L, Mao D-B, et al. Impact of age on epicardial and pericoronary adipose tissue volume. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(17):3257-3265. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6645-3.00032-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi K-L, Qi L, Mao D-B, et al. Impact of age on epicardial and pericoronary adipose tissue volume. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(17):3257-3265. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6645-3.00032-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong D-D, Wang K, Wang D, et al. Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue volume measured using coronary computed tomography angiography and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis. J Int Med Res. 2013;41(5):1520-1531. doi: 10.1177/0300060513496169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong D-D, Wang K, Wang D, et al. Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue volume measured using coronary computed tomography angiography and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis. J Int Med Res. 2013;41(5):1520-1531. doi: 10.1177/0300060513496169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydın AM, Kayalı A, Poyraz AK, Aydın K. The relationship between coronary artery disease and pericoronary epicardial adipose tissue thickness. J Int Med Res. 2015;43(1):17-25. doi: 10.1177/0300060514558323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydın AM, Kayalı A, Poyraz AK, Aydın K. The relationship between coronary artery disease and pericoronary epicardial adipose tissue thickness. J Int Med Res. 2015;43(1):17-25. doi: 10.1177/0300060514558323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самойлова Ю.Г., Харламова Е.Ю., Сусляева Н.М., и др. Лучевые методы исследования висцерального ожирения // Современные исследования социальных проблем. – 2014. – T.5. – №12. – С.328-341. [Samoylova YG, Harlamova EY, Suslyaeva NM, et al. IMAGISTIC STUDY OF VISCERAL OBESITY. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem. 2014;(5)12:328-341. (in Russ).] doi: 10.12731/2218-7405-2014-12-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Самойлова Ю.Г., Харламова Е.Ю., Сусляева Н.М., и др. Лучевые методы исследования висцерального ожирения // Современные исследования социальных проблем. – 2014. – T.5. – №12. – С.328-341. [Samoylova YG, Harlamova EY, Suslyaeva NM, et al. IMAGISTIC STUDY OF VISCERAL OBESITY. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem. 2014;(5)12:328-341. (in Russ).] doi: 10.12731/2218-7405-2014-12-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang K-W, Tsai I-C, Lee W-J, et al. MRI measured epicardial adipose tissue thickness at the right AV groove differentiates inflammatory status in obese men with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(3):525-532. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liang K-W, Tsai I-C, Lee W-J, et al. MRI measured epicardial adipose tissue thickness at the right AV groove differentiates inflammatory status in obese men with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(3):525-532. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Homsi R, Kuetting D, Sprinkart A, et al. Interrelations of Epicardial Fat Volume, Left Ventricular T1-Relaxation Times and Myocardial Strain in Hypertensive Patients: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. J Thorac Imaging. 2017;32(3):169-175. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Homsi R, Kuetting D, Sprinkart A, et al. Interrelations of Epicardial Fat Volume, Left Ventricular T1-Relaxation Times and Myocardial Strain in Hypertensive Patients: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. J Thorac Imaging. 2017;32(3):169-175. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
