<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet9491</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-9491</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления о патогенезе ожирения и новых подходах к его коррекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of obesity and new approaches to its correction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6862-7323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логвинова</surname><given-names>Оксана Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logvinova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клинический аспирант отдела терапевтической эндокринологии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oksana199@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-1177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пойдашева</surname><given-names>Александра Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poydasheva</surname><given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexandra.poydasheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии, аспирант ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakulinilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.lagoda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-6063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кремнева</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremneva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moomin10j@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., член-корр. РАН, заведующая отделом терапевтической эндокринологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, prof., correspondence fellow of Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the department of therapeutic endocrinology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">troshina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-9381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазурина</surname><given-names>Наталья Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurina</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalyamazurina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, head of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasu2709@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., зам.директора по научной работе, руководитель 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, prof., Deputy Director for Research, Head of the First Neurological Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mtanashyan@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>Иван Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., акад. РАН, директор ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, prof., academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Endocrinology Research Center</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dedov@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., акад. РАН, директор ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ScD, prof., academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Research Centre of Neurology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">center@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБУ &amp;laquo;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии&amp;raquo;&amp;nbsp;Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Endocrinology Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБНУ &amp;laquo;Научный центр неврологии&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Research Center of Neurology&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логвинова О.В., Пойдашева А.Г., Бакулин И.С., Лагода О.В., Кремнева Е.И., Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., Супонева Н.А., Танашян М.М., Дедов И.И., Пирадов М.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логвинова О.В., Пойдашева А.Г., Бакулин И.С., Лагода О.В., Кремнева Е.И., Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., Супонева Н.А., Танашян М.М., Дедов И.И., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Logvinova O.V., Poydasheva A.G., Bakulin I.S., Lagoda O.V., Kremneva E.I., Troshina E.A., Mazurina N.V., Suponeva N.A., Tanashyan M.M., Dedov I.I., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9491">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9491</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о физиологических механизмах формирования пищевого поведения в норме на нескольких уровнях, начиная с клеточного и заканчивая уровнем функциональных систем. Описаны нейровизуализационные методики, используемые как для исследования патофизиологических основ нарушения пищевого поведения, так и для определения мишени для нейростимуляционных методик. Рассмотрены методы неинвазивной стимуляции мозга – такие как транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция и транскраниальная электрическая стимуляция, механизмы оказываемого ими воздействия и аспекты безопасности применения, обобщены последние данные о результатах исследований, посвященных использованию вышеназванных методов в терапии ожирения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present review considers modern concepts of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of food behavior in a norm at several levels, beginning with the cellular level and ending with the level of functional systems. Neuroimaging methods used for both the study of the pathophysiological foundations of eating disorders and for determining the target for neurostimulation techniques are described. Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, the mechanisms of their influence and aspects of safety of application are reviewed, the latest data on the results of studies on the use of the above methods in the therapy of obesity are summarized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная стимуляция мозга</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная электрическая стимуляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>eating behavior</kwd><kwd>noninvasive brain stimulation</kwd><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>transcranial electrical stimulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases [Internet] 2014. World Health. 2014;176. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases [Internet] 2014. World Health. 2014;176. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sturm R, Hattori A. Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States. Int. J. Obes. 2012;37(6):889-891. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sturm R, Hattori A. Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States. Int. J. Obes. 2012;37(6):889-891. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ожирение. / Под ред. Дедова И.И., Мельниченко Г.А. – М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2004. [Obesity. Ed by Dedov II, Mel'nichenko GA. Moscow: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agenstvo; 2004. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ожирение. / Под ред. Дедова И.И., Мельниченко Г.А. – М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2004. [Obesity. Ed by Dedov II, Mel'nichenko GA. Moscow: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agenstvo; 2004. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucia A, Church TS, Thomas DM, et al. Trends over 5 Decades in U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity and Their Associations with Obesity. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucia A, Church TS, Thomas DM, et al. Trends over 5 Decades in U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity and Their Associations with Obesity. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford ES, Dietz WH. Modeling dietary patterns to assess sodium recommendations for nutrient adequacy. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013;97(4):848-853. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford ES, Dietz WH. Modeling dietary patterns to assess sodium recommendations for nutrient adequacy. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013;97(4):848-853. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pigeyre M, Yazdi FT, Kaur Y, Meyre D. Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin. Sci. 2016;130(12):943-986. doi: 10.1042/cs20160136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pigeyre M, Yazdi FT, Kaur Y, Meyre D. Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin. Sci. 2016;130(12):943-986. doi: 10.1042/cs20160136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Dijk SJ, Tellam RL, Morrison JL, et al. Recent developments on the role of epigenetics in obesity and metabolic disease. Clin. Epigenetics. 2015;7(1). doi: 10.1186/s13148-015-0101-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dijk SJ, Tellam RL, Morrison JL, et al. Recent developments on the role of epigenetics in obesity and metabolic disease. Clin. Epigenetics. 2015;7(1). doi: 10.1186/s13148-015-0101-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004;101(44):15718-15723. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407076101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004;101(44):15718-15723. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407076101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гриневич В.Б., Ткачева О.Н., Егшатян Л.В., и др. Вклад кишечной микробиоты в патогенез инсулинорезистентности (обзор лите­ратуры) // Профилактическая медицина. – 2015. – Т. 18. – №1. – С. 54-58. [Grinevich VN, Tkacheva ON, Egshatyan LV, et al. Contribution of the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (literature review). Profilakticheskaya meditsina. 2015; 18(1):54-58. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17116/profmed201518154-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гриневич В.Б., Ткачева О.Н., Егшатян Л.В., и др. Вклад кишечной микробиоты в патогенез инсулинорезистентности (обзор лите­ратуры) // Профилактическая медицина. – 2015. – Т. 18. – №1. – С. 54-58. [Grinevich VN, Tkacheva ON, Egshatyan LV, et al. Contribution of the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (literature review). Profilakticheskaya meditsina. 2015; 18(1):54-58. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17116/profmed201518154-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сосудистые заболевания головного мозга и метаболический синдром: Руководство для врачей. / Под ред. Танашян М.М. – М.: «АСТ 345»; 2017. [Sosudistye zabolevaniya golovnogo mozga i metabolicheskii sindrom: Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei. / Ed by Tanashyan MM. Moscow: «AST 345»; 2017. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сосудистые заболевания головного мозга и метаболический синдром: Руководство для врачей. / Под ред. Танашян М.М. – М.: «АСТ 345»; 2017. [Sosudistye zabolevaniya golovnogo mozga i metabolicheskii sindrom: Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei. / Ed by Tanashyan MM. Moscow: «AST 345»; 2017. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra AK, Dubey V, Ghosh AR. Obesity: An overview of possible role(s) of gut hormones, lipid sensing and gut microbiota. Metabolism. 2016;65(1):48-65. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra AK, Dubey V, Ghosh AR. Obesity: An overview of possible role(s) of gut hormones, lipid sensing and gut microbiota. Metabolism. 2016;65(1):48-65. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batterham RL, ffytche DH, Rosenthal JM, et al. PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans. Nature. 2007;450(7166):106-109. doi: 10.1038/nature06212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batterham RL, ffytche DH, Rosenthal JM, et al. PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans. Nature. 2007;450(7166):106-109. doi: 10.1038/nature06212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., и др. Роль нейротрансмиттеров в регуляции энергетического гомеостаза и возможности медикаментозной коррекции его нарушений при ожирении // Ожирение и метаболизм. – 2016. – Т.13. - №1 – С.9- 15. [Dedov II, Troshina EA, Mazurina NV, et al. The role of neurotransmitters in regulation of energy homeostasis and possibility of drug correction of its disturbances in obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2016;13(1):9-15. (In Russ).] doi: 110.14341/omet201619-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., и др. Роль нейротрансмиттеров в регуляции энергетического гомеостаза и возможности медикаментозной коррекции его нарушений при ожирении // Ожирение и метаболизм. – 2016. – Т.13. - №1 – С.9- 15. [Dedov II, Troshina EA, Mazurina NV, et al. The role of neurotransmitters in regulation of energy homeostasis and possibility of drug correction of its disturbances in obesity. Obesity and metabolism. 2016;13(1):9-15. (In Russ).] doi: 110.14341/omet201619-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Cauter E. Sleep disturbances and insulin resistance. Diabet. Med. 2011;28(12):1455-1462. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03459.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Cauter E. Sleep disturbances and insulin resistance. Diabet. Med. 2011;28(12):1455-1462. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03459.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agil A, Rosado I, Ruiz R, et al. Melatonin improves glucose homeostasis in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J. Pineal Res. 2012;52(2):203-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00928.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agil A, Rosado I, Ruiz R, et al. Melatonin improves glucose homeostasis in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J. Pineal Res. 2012;52(2):203-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00928.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева Е.Н., Абсатарова Ю.С., Шереметьева Е.В., и др. Анализ информативности определения мелатонина при синдроме поликистозных яичников // Ожирение и метаболизм. - 2016. – Т. 13. – №. 4. – С. 15-20. [Andreeva EN, Absatarova YuS, Sheremet'eva EV, et al. Analysis of the informativeness of melatonin evaluation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obesity and metabolism. 2016;13(4):15-20. (In Russ).] doi: 110.14341/omet2016415-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Андреева Е.Н., Абсатарова Ю.С., Шереметьева Е.В., и др. Анализ информативности определения мелатонина при синдроме поликистозных яичников // Ожирение и метаболизм. - 2016. – Т. 13. – №. 4. – С. 15-20. [Andreeva EN, Absatarova YuS, Sheremet'eva EV, et al. Analysis of the informativeness of melatonin evaluation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obesity and metabolism. 2016;13(4):15-20. (In Russ).] doi: 110.14341/omet2016415-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трошина Е.А., Покусаева В.Н., Андреева Е.Н. Ожирение у женщин. / Под ред. Мельниченко Г.А., Никифоровского Н.К. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство»; 2017. [Troshina EA, Pokusaeva VN, Andreeva EN. Ozhirenie u zhenshchin. / Ed by Mel'nichenko GA, Nikiforovskiy NK. Moscow: OOO «Izdatel'stvo «Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agenstvo»; 2017. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Трошина Е.А., Покусаева В.Н., Андреева Е.Н. Ожирение у женщин. / Под ред. Мельниченко Г.А., Никифоровского Н.К. – М.: ООО «Издательство «Медицинское информационное агентство»; 2017. [Troshina EA, Pokusaeva VN, Andreeva EN. Ozhirenie u zhenshchin. / Ed by Mel'nichenko GA, Nikiforovskiy NK. Moscow: OOO «Izdatel'stvo «Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agenstvo»; 2017. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berthoud H-R, Morrison C. The Brain, Appetite, and Obesity. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2008;59(1):55-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berthoud H-R, Morrison C. The Brain, Appetite, and Obesity. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2008;59(1):55-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, et al. Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2008;117(4):924-935. doi: 10.1037/a0013600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, et al. Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2008;117(4):924-935. doi: 10.1037/a0013600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berridge KC, Ho C-Y, Richard JM, DiFeliceantonio AG. The tempted brain eats: Pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders. Brain Res. 2010;1350:43-64. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berridge KC, Ho C-Y, Richard JM, DiFeliceantonio AG. The tempted brain eats: Pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders. Brain Res. 2010;1350:43-64. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G-J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS. The role of dopamine in motivation for food in humans: implications for obesity. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 2005;6(5):601-609. doi: 10.1517/14728222.6.5.601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G-J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS. The role of dopamine in motivation for food in humans: implications for obesity. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 2005;6(5):601-609. doi: 10.1517/14728222.6.5.601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Val-Laillet D, Aarts E, Weber B, et al. Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015;8:1-31. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Val-Laillet D, Aarts E, Weber B, et al. Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015;8:1-31. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кремнева Е.И., Суслин А.С., Говорин А.H., и др. фМРТ-картирование алиментарных зон головного мозга. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. - 2015. – Т. 9. – №. 1. – С. 32-36. [Kremneva EI, Suslin AS, Govorin AN, et al. Mapping of the brain regions responsible for eating behavior regulation with functional MRI. Annals of clinical and experimental neurology. 2015;9(1): 32-36 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кремнева Е.И., Суслин А.С., Говорин А.H., и др. фМРТ-картирование алиментарных зон головного мозга. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. - 2015. – Т. 9. – №. 1. – С. 32-36. [Kremneva EI, Suslin AS, Govorin AN, et al. Mapping of the brain regions responsible for eating behavior regulation with functional MRI. Annals of clinical and experimental neurology. 2015;9(1): 32-36 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stice E, Yokum S, Burger K, et al. Multilocus Genetic Composite Reflecting Dopamine Signaling Capacity Predicts Reward Circuitry Responsivity. J. Neurosci. 2012;32(29):10093-10100. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1506-12.2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stice E, Yokum S, Burger K, et al. Multilocus Genetic Composite Reflecting Dopamine Signaling Capacity Predicts Reward Circuitry Responsivity. J. Neurosci. 2012;32(29):10093-10100. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1506-12.2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carnell S, Gibson C, Benson L, et al. Neuroimaging and obesity: current knowledge and future directions. Obes. Rev. 2012;13(1):43-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00927.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carnell S, Gibson C, Benson L, et al. Neuroimaging and obesity: current knowledge and future directions. Obes. Rev. 2012;13(1):43-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00927.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhagen JV. The neurocognitive bases of human multimodal food perception: Consciousness. Brain Res. Rev. 2007;53(2):271-286. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhagen JV. The neurocognitive bases of human multimodal food perception: Consciousness. Brain Res. Rev. 2007;53(2):271-286. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balleine BW. The Neural Basis of Choice and Decision Making. J. Neurosci. 2007;27(31):8159-8160. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1939-07.2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balleine BW. The Neural Basis of Choice and Decision Making. J. Neurosci. 2007;27(31):8159-8160. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.1939-07.2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heymsfield SB, Longo DL, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017;376(3):254-266. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1514009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heymsfield SB, Longo DL, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017;376(3):254-266. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1514009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романцова Т.И. Сибутрамин: эффективность и безопасность применения в рутинной клинической практике // Ожирение и метаболизм. – 2015. – Т.12. - №3 – С.18- 24. [Romantsova TI. Sibutramine: efficacy and safety of prescribing in routine clinical practice. Obesity and metabolism. 2015;12(3):18-24. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14341/omet2015318-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Романцова Т.И. Сибутрамин: эффективность и безопасность применения в рутинной клинической практике // Ожирение и метаболизм. – 2015. – Т.12. - №3 – С.18- 24. [Romantsova TI. Sibutramine: efficacy and safety of prescribing in routine clinical practice. Obesity and metabolism. 2015;12(3):18-24. (In Russ).] doi: 10.14341/omet2015318-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schauer PR, Mingrone G, Ikramuddin S, Wolfe B. Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery: Efficacy of Glycemic Control, Weight Loss, and Remission of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(6):902-911. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schauer PR, Mingrone G, Ikramuddin S, Wolfe B. Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery: Efficacy of Glycemic Control, Weight Loss, and Remission of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(6):902-911. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puzziferri N, Roshek TB, Mayo HG, et al. Long-term Follow-up After Bariatric Surgery. JAMA. 2014;312(9):934. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.10706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzziferri N, Roshek TB, Mayo HG, et al. Long-term Follow-up After Bariatric Surgery. JAMA. 2014;312(9):934. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.10706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., Огнева Н.А., Яшков Ю.И. Нарушение метаболизма кальция после бариатрических вмешательств (лекция для врачей) // Consilium Medicum. (Прил.). – 2014. - №04 – С.72- 74. [Troshina EA, Mazurina N V, Ogneva NA, Yashkov YuI. Narushenie metabolizma kal'tsiya posle bariatricheskikh vmeshatel'stv (lektsiya dlya vrachei). Consilium Medicum. (Supll.). 2014:(04):72-74. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Трошина Е.А., Мазурина Н.В., Огнева Н.А., Яшков Ю.И. Нарушение метаболизма кальция после бариатрических вмешательств (лекция для врачей) // Consilium Medicum. (Прил.). – 2014. - №04 – С.72- 74. [Troshina EA, Mazurina N V, Ogneva NA, Yashkov YuI. Narushenie metabolizma kal'tsiya posle bariatricheskikh vmeshatel'stv (lektsiya dlya vrachei). Consilium Medicum. (Supll.). 2014:(04):72-74. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пойдашева А.Г., Бакулин И.С., Чернявский А.Ю., и др. Картирование корковых представительств мышц с помощью навигационной транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции: возможности применения в клинической практике. Медицинский алфавит. - 2017. – Т. 2. – №. 22. – С. 21-25. [Poydasheva AG, Bakulin IS, Chernyavsky AY, et al. Mapping of cortical muscular representations by navigative transcranial magnetic stimulation: the possibility of application in clinical practice. Medical alphabet.2017;2(22):21-25. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пойдашева А.Г., Бакулин И.С., Чернявский А.Ю., и др. Картирование корковых представительств мышц с помощью навигационной транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции: возможности применения в клинической практике. Медицинский алфавит. - 2017. – Т. 2. – №. 22. – С. 21-25. [Poydasheva AG, Bakulin IS, Chernyavsky AY, et al. Mapping of cortical muscular representations by navigative transcranial magnetic stimulation: the possibility of application in clinical practice. Medical alphabet.2017;2(22):21-25. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Червяков А.В., Пойдашева А.Г, Коржова Ю.Е., и др. Ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция в неврологии и психиатрии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.C. Корсакова. - 2015. – Т. 115. – №. 12-1. – С. 7-18. [Chervyakov AV, Poydasheva AG, Korzhova JE, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology and psychiatry. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2015;115(12-1):7–18. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Червяков А.В., Пойдашева А.Г, Коржова Ю.Е., и др. Ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция в неврологии и психиатрии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.C. Корсакова. - 2015. – Т. 115. – №. 12-1. – С. 7-18. [Chervyakov AV, Poydasheva AG, Korzhova JE, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology and psychiatry. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2015;115(12-1):7–18. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2015;9. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2015;9. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefaucheur J-P, André-Obadia N, Antal A, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin. Neurophysiol. 2014;125(11):2150-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefaucheur J-P, André-Obadia N, Antal A, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin. Neurophysiol. 2014;125(11):2150-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefaucheur J-P, Antal A, Ayache SS, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin. Neurophysiol. 2017;128(1):56-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefaucheur J-P, Antal A, Ayache SS, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin. Neurophysiol. 2017;128(1):56-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall PA, Vincent CM, Burhan AM. Non-invasive brain stimulation for food cravings, consumption, and disorders of eating: A review of methods, findings and controversies. Appetite. 2018;124:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall PA, Vincent CM, Burhan AM. Non-invasive brain stimulation for food cravings, consumption, and disorders of eating: A review of methods, findings and controversies. Appetite. 2018;124:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowe CJ, Vincent C, Hall PA. Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Food Cravings and Consumption. Psychosom. Med. 2017;79(1):2-13. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowe CJ, Vincent C, Hall PA. Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Food Cravings and Consumption. Psychosom. Med. 2017;79(1):2-13. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2009;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2009;120(12):2008-2039. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супонева Н.А., Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Пирадов М.А. Безопасность транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции: обзор международных рекомендаций и новые данные. Нервно-мышечные болезни. – 2017. – Т.7. - №2 – С.21- 36. [Suponeva NA, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Piradov MA. Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation: review of international guidelines and new findings. Neuromuscular Diseases. 2017;7(2):21-36. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17650/2222-8721-2017-7-2-21-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Супонева Н.А., Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Пирадов М.А. Безопасность транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции: обзор международных рекомендаций и новые данные. Нервно-мышечные болезни. – 2017. – Т.7. - №2 – С.21- 36. [Suponeva NA, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Piradov MA. Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation: review of international guidelines and new findings. Neuromuscular Diseases. 2017;7(2):21-36. (In Russ).] doi: 10.17650/2222-8721-2017-7-2-21-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perera T, George MS, Grammer G, et al. The Clinical TMS Society Consensus Review and Treatment Recommendations for TMS Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Stimulation. 2016;9(3):336-346. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perera T, George MS, Grammer G, et al. The Clinical TMS Society Consensus Review and Treatment Recommendations for TMS Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Stimulation. 2016;9(3):336-346. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Loo CK, et al. Regulatory considerations for the clinical and research use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Review and recommendations from an expert panel. Clin. Res. Regul. Aff. 2014;32(1):22-35. doi: 10.3109/10601333.2015.980944.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Loo CK, et al. Regulatory considerations for the clinical and research use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Review and recommendations from an expert panel. Clin. Res. Regul. Aff. 2014;32(1):22-35. doi: 10.3109/10601333.2015.980944.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikson M, Grossman P, Thomas C, et al. Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016. Brain Stimulation. 2016;9(5):641-661. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikson M, Grossman P, Thomas C, et al. Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016. Brain Stimulation. 2016;9(5):641-661. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.06.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
