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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet201627-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-7854</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические предикторы развития ожирения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic predictors of obesity development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородина</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodina</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dietolog-borodina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаппарова</surname><given-names>Камила Минкаиловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapparova</surname><given-names>Kamila M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kgapparova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнудинов</surname><given-names>Зайнудин Мусаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainudiniv</surname><given-names>Zainudin M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zain_z@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьян</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorian</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgrigorian@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ питания»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Nutrition</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бородина С.В., Гаппарова К.М., Зайнудинов З.М., Григорьян О.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бородина С.В., Гаппарова К.М., Зайнудинов З.М., Григорьян О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borodina S.V., Gapparova K.M., Zainudiniv Z.M., Grigorian O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7854">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7854</self-uri><abstract><p>Наиболее распространенными причинами, вызывающими ожирение, являются нарушение пищевого поведения (переедание), генетическая предрасположенность, малоподвижный образ жизни (гиподинамия), нарушения эндокринной системы, факторы окружающей среды. Имеются доказательства очевидной взаимосвязи высокого потребления сладких напитков и увеличения массы тела. С 1990 года отмечен значительный рост количества людей с ожирением, в первую очередь связанный с популяризацией сладких газированных напитков. По данным исследования в Финляндии по предотвращению диабета сочетание средней физической активности и изменение диеты (1200–1800 ккал) с потреблением общего жира меньше 30% в том числе насыщенного жира меньше 10%, приводило к долгосрочной потере избыточного веса (в течение 4 лет). Многие исследования доказали невозможность подхода с единым шаблоном к определению оптимальных рационов для пациентов имеющих избыточную массу тела и ожирение. Что было показано в различных работах, посвященных изучению полиморфизмов генов, связанных с ожирением, и их взаимодействию. В данной статье представлен обзор современных данных по генетике ожирения. Освещены основные положения по результатам исследования генов-кандидатов, таких как PPARG, FABP2, ADRB2, ADRB3. Показана роль нутригенетики в создании индивидуальной программы контроля веса и снижения массы тела. Но вопрос о непосредственной роли генетических факторов в развитии ожирения остается спорным, так как нельзя оставлять без внимания воздействие факторов внешней среды, таких как образ жизни, режим питания, физическая активность, стрессовые ситуации и вредные привычки. Для понимания механизма взаимосвязи между генетическими факторами, факторами внешней среды и ожирением нужно проводить исследование не только популяционные, но и в отдельных группах людей (этнические, расовые, возрастные).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The most common reasons that cause obesity are eating disorders (overeating), genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise), disorders of the endocrine system, and environmental factors. There is evidence of an obvious relationship of high consumption of sugary drinks and weight gain. Since 1990, there has been considerable growth in the number of obese people in the first place associated with the promotion of soft drinks. According to a study in Finnish diabetes prevention average physical activity and change of diet (1200-1800 kcal) of total fat intake with less than 30% saturated fat, including less than 10%, leading to long-term loss of excess weight (within 4 years). Many studies have demonstrated the impossibility of a single template approach to the determination of optimal diets for patients with overweight and obesity which has been shown in various studies on gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity, and their interaction. This article provides an overview of current data on the genetics of obesity covering the main provisions of the study of candidate genes, such as PPARG, FABP2, ADRB 2, ADRB3. The role nutrigenetics in the creation of individual programs of weight control and weight loss. But the question of the direct role of genetic factors in the development of obesity remains controversial, since one can not ignore the impact of environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, and harmful habits. To understand the mechanism of the relationship between genetic factors, environmental factors, and obesity, one needs to carry out research not only on the population level, but also in certain groups of people (ethnic, racial, age).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>диета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>diet</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и избыточный вес. 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