ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet201523-9ometendo-6679Research ArticleОбзор литературыReviewИзменения кишечной микрофлоры, ассоциированные с возрастом и образом жизниThe changes of gut microbiota associated with age and lifestyleЕгшатянЛилит ВаниковнаEgshatyanLilit Vanikovna

к.м.н., научный сотрудник отдела изучения процессов старения и профилактики возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний

PhD, researcher at the Department of studying the aging process and prevention of age-associated diseases

lilityegh@rambler.ruТкачеваОльга НиколаевнаTkachevaOlga Nikolaevna

д.м.н., первый заместитель директора по научной и лечебной работе

MD, Ph.D. Deputy Director for Research and Clinical Work

lilityegh@rambler.ruКафарскаяЛюдмила ИвановнаKafarskayaLyudmila Ivanovna

д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии

MD, Ph.D., Professor, Head of the Microbiology and Virology Department

lilityegh@rambler.ruШкопоровАндрей НиколаевичShkoporovAndrey Nikolaevich

к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии и биобезопасности

Ph.D., Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Biosafety

lilityegh@rambler.ruТяхтАлександр ВикторовичTyakhtAleksandr Viktorovich

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биоинформатики

Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Bioinformatics

lilityegh@rambler.ruФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Institution «National Research Center for Preventive Medicine» of the Ministry Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian FederationГБОУ ВПО "Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова" Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияThe Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovRussian FederationФГБУН «Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химической медицины» Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство РоссииРоссияFederal Medical & Biological Agency SRI of Physical-Chemical MedicineRussian Federation20151002201512239Copyright © Егшатян Л.В., Ткачева О.Н., Кафарская Л.И., Шкопоров А.Н., Тяхт А.В., 20152015Егшатян Л.В., Ткачева О.Н., Кафарская Л.И., Шкопоров А.Н., Тяхт А.В.Egshatyan L.V., Tkacheva O.N., Kafarskaya L.I., Shkoporov A.N., Tyakht A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6679

В статье представлен обзор современной литературы, обобщающий экспериментальные и клинические данные о роли микрофлоры кишечника и ее изменениях, ассоциированных с возрастом и образом жизни. В норме микрофлора кишечника выполняет ряд важных функций: участвует в энергетическом метаболизме,  обеспечивает формирование и подержание местной иммунной системы слизистых оболочек, является источником некоторых витаминов, регулирует обратное всасывание в кишечнике желчных кислот, половых гормонов, холестерина, участвует в водно-солевом обмене и т.д. Микрофлора кишечника является своеобразным индикатором состояния макроорганизма, реагируя на возрастные, физиологические, диетические, климато-географические факторы изменением качественного и количественного состава. Все эти изменения влияют на развитие хронического вялотекущего воспаления, окислительного стресса, метаболических нарушений, которые связаны с повышенным риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и с развитием фенотипа старения в клинической практике. Очевидно, что поддержание гомеостаза и нормального обмена веществ невозможно без восстановления разнообразия нормальных ассоциаций микроорганизмов кишечника.

In this review are discussed experimental and clinical data about the role of gut microbiota and its changes associated with age and lifestyle. The large intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal bowel function and the maintenance of host health through the formation of short chain fatty acids, modulation of immune system reactivity, and development of colonization resistance. The intestinal microflora is a peculiar indicator of the condition of a microorganism reacting to age, physiological, dietary, and geographical factors from change of qualitative and quantitative structure. Studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome may be associated with profound microbiotal changes. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia - induced chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder which are connected with the increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases and pathology associated with age, which leads to accelerated aging. It is obvious that maintenance of a homeostasis and a normal metabolism is impossible without restoration of a variety of normal associations of intestinal microorganisms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.