ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/2071-8713-5051ometendo-5051Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesМетаболические нарушения и их влияние на развитие гиперкоагуляционного синдрома у пациентов с болезнью Иценко-КушингаMetabolic disorders and their impact on the development of hypercoagulation syndrome in patients with Cushing's diseaseKhodakovaYu Vjulia-pochta@mail.ruRozhinskayaL Ya-SuhanovaG A-ArapovaS D-Il'inA V-ChirkovaL D-Savel'evaL V-20121503201291№1 (2012)1923Copyright © Khodakova Y.V., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Suhanova G.A., Arapova S.D., Il'in A.V., Chirkova L.D., Savel'eva L.V., 20122012Khodakova Y.V., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Suhanova G.A., Arapova S.D., Il'in A.V., Chirkova L.D., Savel'eva L.V.Khodakova Y.V., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Suhanova G.A., Arapova S.D., Il'in A.V., Chirkova L.D., Savel'eva L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5051ReferencesГончаров НП, Колесникова ГС. Кортикостероиды: метаболизм, механизм действия и клиническое применение. М., 2002: 48-75.Гончаров НП, Колесникова ГС. Кортикостероиды: метаболизм, механизм действия и клиническое применение. М., 2002: 48-75.Гончаров НП, Колесникова ГС, Тодуа ТН, Рожинская ЛЯ, Марова ЕИ. Стероидогенез в коре надпочечников и секреция надпочечниковых андрогенов при болезни и синдроме Иценко-Кушинга. Проблемы эндокринологии 2007; 53(1): 26-29.Гончаров НП, Колесникова ГС, Тодуа ТН, Рожинская ЛЯ, Марова ЕИ. Стероидогенез в коре надпочечников и секреция надпочечниковых андрогенов при болезни и синдроме Иценко-Кушинга. Проблемы эндокринологии 2007; 53(1): 26-29.Долгов ВВ, Свирин ПВ. Лабораторная диагностика нарушений гемостаза. М.-Тверь: ООО «Издательство «Триада», 2005: 44-49; 59-64.Долгов ВВ, Свирин ПВ. Лабораторная диагностика нарушений гемостаза. М.-Тверь: ООО «Издательство «Триада», 2005: 44-49; 59-64.Лупинская ЗА. Эндотелий сосудов - основной регулятор местного кровотока. Вестник КРСУ 2003; 7.Лупинская ЗА. Эндотелий сосудов - основной регулятор местного кровотока. Вестник КРСУ 2003; 7.Марова ЕИ, Арапова СД, Бельченко ЛВ. Болезнь Иценко-Кушинга. Методическое пособие для врачей. М., 2000.Марова ЕИ, Арапова СД, Бельченко ЛВ. Болезнь Иценко-Кушинга. Методическое пособие для врачей. М., 2000.Петрищев НН, Власов ТД. Физиология и патофизиология эндотелия. Сборник статей. Дисфункция эндотелия. Причины, механизмы, фармакологическая коррекция. Под ред. Петрищева Н.Н. 2003; 4-38.Петрищев НН, Власов ТД. Физиология и патофизиология эндотелия. Сборник статей. Дисфункция эндотелия. Причины, механизмы, фармакологическая коррекция. Под ред. Петрищева Н.Н. 2003; 4-38.Суханова ГА. Тромбофилии как фактор развития тромботических состояний. В кн.: Очерки по производственной и клинической трансфузиологии. Под ред. Воробьева А.И. М., Ньюдиамед;364-372.Суханова ГА. Тромбофилии как фактор развития тромботических состояний. В кн.: Очерки по производственной и клинической трансфузиологии. Под ред. Воробьева А.И. М., Ньюдиамед;364-372.Суханова ГА, Рудакова ВЕ, Васильев СА. Профилактика тромбоэмболических осложнений у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста. Клиническая геронтология 2007; 4: 10-15.Суханова ГА, Рудакова ВЕ, Васильев СА. Профилактика тромбоэмболических осложнений у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста. Клиническая геронтология 2007; 4: 10-15.Akaza I, Yoshimoto T, Tsuchiya K, Hirata Y. Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with Hypercortisolism is Reversible in Cushing's Syndrome. Endocr J 2009; Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print].Akaza I, Yoshimoto T, Tsuchiya K, Hirata Y. Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with Hypercortisolism is Reversible in Cushing's Syndrome. Endocr J 2009; Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print].Albiger N, Testa RM, Almoto B, Ferrari M, Bilora F, Petrobelli F, Pagnan A, Mantero F, Scaroni C. Patients with Cushing's syndrome have increased intimal media thickness at different vascular levels: comparison with a population matched for similar cardiovascular risk factors. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38(6): 405-10.Albiger N, Testa RM, Almoto B, Ferrari M, Bilora F, Petrobelli F, Pagnan A, Mantero F, Scaroni C. Patients with Cushing's syndrome have increased intimal media thickness at different vascular levels: comparison with a population matched for similar cardiovascular risk factors. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38(6): 405-10.Alessi MC, Juhan-Vague I. Metabolic syndrome, hemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99(6); 995-1000.Alessi MC, Juhan-Vague I. Metabolic syndrome, hemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99(6); 995-1000.Ambrosi B, Sartorio A, Pizzocaro A, Passini E, Bottasso B, Federici A. Evaluation of haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in patients with Cushing's syndrome and in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000; 108(4): 294-8.Ambrosi B, Sartorio A, Pizzocaro A, Passini E, Bottasso B, Federici A. Evaluation of haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in patients with Cushing's syndrome and in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000; 108(4): 294-8.Arnaldi G, Mancini T, Polenta B, Boscaro M. Cardiovascular risk in Cushing`s syndrome. Pituitary 2004; 7(4): 253-6.Arnaldi G, Mancini T, Polenta B, Boscaro M. Cardiovascular risk in Cushing`s syndrome. Pituitary 2004; 7(4): 253-6.Аrnaldi G, Angeli A, Bertagna AX, Chrousos GP, Fava GA, Findling JW, Gaillard RC, Grossman AB, Kola B, Lacroix A, Mancini T, Mantero F, Newell-Price J, Nieman N, Sonino N, Vance ML, Giustino A, Boscaro M. Diagnosis and complication of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clinic Endocrin and Metab 2003; 88(12): 5593-602.Аrnaldi G, Angeli A, Bertagna AX, Chrousos GP, Fava GA, Findling JW, Gaillard RC, Grossman AB, Kola B, Lacroix A, Mancini T, Mantero F, Newell-Price J, Nieman N, Sonino N, Vance ML, Giustino A, Boscaro M. Diagnosis and complication of Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clinic Endocrin and Metab 2003; 88(12): 5593-602.Аrnaldi G, Mancini T, Polenta B, Boscara M. Cardiovascular risk in Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary 2004; 7: 253-256.Аrnaldi G, Mancini T, Polenta B, Boscara M. Cardiovascular risk in Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary 2004; 7: 253-256.Ay C, Tengler T, Vormittag R, Simanek R, Dorda W, Vukovich T, Pabinger I. Venous thromboembolism--a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica 2007 Mar; 92(3): 374-80.Ay C, Tengler T, Vormittag R, Simanek R, Dorda W, Vukovich T, Pabinger I. Venous thromboembolism--a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica 2007 Mar; 92(3): 374-80.Barat P, Duclos M, Moisan MP, Mormède P. [Involvement of hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis in abdominal obesity]. Arch Pediatr 2008 Feb; 15(2): 170-8. Epub 2008 Jan 16Barat P, Duclos M, Moisan MP, Mormède P. [Involvement of hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis in abdominal obesity]. Arch Pediatr 2008 Feb; 15(2): 170-8. Epub 2008 Jan 16Berger J, Tanen M, Elbrecht A, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit adipocyte 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 12629-35.Berger J, Tanen M, Elbrecht A, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit adipocyte 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 12629-35.Boscaro M, Sonino N, Scarda A, Barzon L, Fallo F, Sartori MT, Patrassi GM, Girolami A. Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces thromboembolic complications in Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Aug; 87(8): 3662-6.Boscaro M, Sonino N, Scarda A, Barzon L, Fallo F, Sartori MT, Patrassi GM, Girolami A. Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces thromboembolic complications in Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Aug; 87(8): 3662-6.Bujalska IJ, Walker EA, Hewison M, et al. A switch in dehydrogenase to reductase activity of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 upon differentiation of human omental adipose stromal cells. J Clin Endo Metab 2002; 87: 1205-10.Bujalska IJ, Walker EA, Hewison M, et al. A switch in dehydrogenase to reductase activity of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 upon differentiation of human omental adipose stromal cells. J Clin Endo Metab 2002; 87: 1205-10.Chansona P, Salenavea S. Metabolic Syndrome in Cushing's Syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 2010; 92 (suppl 1): 1-132.Chansona P, Salenavea S. Metabolic Syndrome in Cushing's Syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 2010; 92 (suppl 1): 1-132.Duclos M, Marquez Pereira P, Barat P, Gatta B, Roger: Increased cortisol bioavailability, abdominal obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in obese women. Obes Res 2005 Jul; 13(7): 1157-66Duclos M, Marquez Pereira P, Barat P, Gatta B, Roger: Increased cortisol bioavailability, abdominal obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in obese women. Obes Res 2005 Jul; 13(7): 1157-66Duncan ER, Crossey PA, Walker S, Anilkumar N, Poston L, Douglas G, Ezzat VA, Wheatcroft SB, Shah AM, Kearney MI. Effect of endothelium-specific insulin resistance on endothelial function in vivo. Diabetes 2008 Dec; 57(12): 3307-14. Epub 2008 Oct 3.Duncan ER, Crossey PA, Walker S, Anilkumar N, Poston L, Douglas G, Ezzat VA, Wheatcroft SB, Shah AM, Kearney MI. Effect of endothelium-specific insulin resistance on endothelial function in vivo. Diabetes 2008 Dec; 57(12): 3307-14. Epub 2008 Oct 3.Erem C, Nuhoglu I, Yilmaz M, Kocak M, Demirel A, Ucuncu O, Onder Ersoz H. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with Cushing's syndrome: increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and unchanged thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2009 Feb; 32(2): 169-74.Erem C, Nuhoglu I, Yilmaz M, Kocak M, Demirel A, Ucuncu O, Onder Ersoz H. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with Cushing's syndrome: increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and unchanged thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2009 Feb; 32(2): 169-74.Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Spiezia S, De Martino MC, Filippella M, Di Somma C, Lombardi G, Colao A. Cardiovascular risk factors and common carotid artery caliber and stiffness in patients with Cushing's disease during active disease and 1 year after disease remission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88(6): 2527-33.Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Spiezia S, De Martino MC, Filippella M, Di Somma C, Lombardi G, Colao A. Cardiovascular risk factors and common carotid artery caliber and stiffness in patients with Cushing's disease during active disease and 1 year after disease remission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88(6): 2527-33.Dentali F, Romualdi E, Ageno W. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of thrombosis. Haematologica 2007 Mar; 92(3): 297-9.Dentali F, Romualdi E, Ageno W. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of thrombosis. Haematologica 2007 Mar; 92(3): 297-9.Góth M, Hubina E, Korbonits M. Correlations between the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the metabolic syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2005 Jan 9; 146(2): 51-5.Góth M, Hubina E, Korbonits M. Correlations between the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the metabolic syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2005 Jan 9; 146(2): 51-5.Halleux CM, Declerck PJ, Tran SL, Detry R, Brichard SM. Hormonal control of lasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression and production in human adipose tissue: stimulation by glucocorticoids and inhibition by catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Nov; 84 (11): 4097-105.Halleux CM, Declerck PJ, Tran SL, Detry R, Brichard SM. Hormonal control of lasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression and production in human adipose tissue: stimulation by glucocorticoids and inhibition by catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Nov; 84 (11): 4097-105.Hataceyama H, Inaba S, Takeba R. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human vascular cells. Kidney-Int 2000 Apr; 57(4): 1352-1359.Hataceyama H, Inaba S, Takeba R. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human vascular cells. Kidney-Int 2000 Apr; 57(4): 1352-1359.Iwasaki Y, Takayasu S, Nishiyama M, Tsugita M, Taguchi T, Asai M, Yoshida M, Kambayashi M, Hashimoto K. Is the metabolic syndrome an intracellular Cushing state? Effects of multiple humoral factors on the transcriptional activity of the hepatic glucocorticoid-activating enzyme (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1) gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008 Mar 26; 285(1-2): 10-8. Epub 2008 Feb 2.Iwasaki Y, Takayasu S, Nishiyama M, Tsugita M, Taguchi T, Asai M, Yoshida M, Kambayashi M, Hashimoto K. Is the metabolic syndrome an intracellular Cushing state? Effects of multiple humoral factors on the transcriptional activity of the hepatic glucocorticoid-activating enzyme (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1) gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008 Mar 26; 285(1-2): 10-8. Epub 2008 Feb 2.Jacoby RC, Owings JT, Ortega T., et al. Biochemical basis for hypercoagulable state seen in Cushing syndrome; discussion 1006-7. Arch Surg 2001; 136(9): 1003-6.Jacoby RC, Owings JT, Ortega T., et al. Biochemical basis for hypercoagulable state seen in Cushing syndrome; discussion 1006-7. Arch Surg 2001; 136(9): 1003-6.Jezkova J, Marek J, Prazny M, Krsek M, Malickova K, Rosicka M, Jarkovska Z, Pecen L. Effect of hypercortisolism on development of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels. Vnitr Lek 2003; 49(8): 656-67.Jezkova J, Marek J, Prazny M, Krsek M, Malickova K, Rosicka M, Jarkovska Z, Pecen L. Effect of hypercortisolism on development of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels. Vnitr Lek 2003; 49(8): 656-67.Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Mavri A, Morange PE. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance and vascular risk. J Thromb Haemost 2003 Jul; 1(7): 1575-9.Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Mavri A, Morange PE. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance and vascular risk. J Thromb Haemost 2003 Jul; 1(7): 1575-9.Kakafika AI, Liberopoulos EN, Karagiannis A, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP. Dyslipidaemia, hypercoagulability and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2006 Jul; 4(3): 175-83.Kakafika AI, Liberopoulos EN, Karagiannis A, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP. Dyslipidaemia, hypercoagulability and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2006 Jul; 4(3): 175-83.Kastelan D, Dusek T, Kraljevic I, Polasek O, Giljevic Z, Solak M, Salek SZ, Jelcic J, Aganovic I, Korsic M. Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: the role of specific haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers. Endocrine 2009 Aug; 36(1): 70-4. Epub 2009 Apr 21.Kastelan D, Dusek T, Kraljevic I, Polasek O, Giljevic Z, Solak M, Salek SZ, Jelcic J, Aganovic I, Korsic M. Hypercoagulability in Cushing's syndrome: the role of specific haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers. Endocrine 2009 Aug; 36(1): 70-4. Epub 2009 Apr 21.Kohler HP. Insulin resistance syndrome: interaction with coagulation and fibrinolysis. Swiss Med Wkly 2002 May 18; 132(19-20): 241-52.Kohler HP. Insulin resistance syndrome: interaction with coagulation and fibrinolysis. Swiss Med Wkly 2002 May 18; 132(19-20): 241-52.Kristo C, Ueland T, Godang K, Aukrust P, Bollerslev J. Biochemical markers for cardiovascular risk following treatment in endogenous Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2008 May; 31(5): 400-5.Kristo C, Ueland T, Godang K, Aukrust P, Bollerslev J. Biochemical markers for cardiovascular risk following treatment in endogenous Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2008 May; 31(5): 400-5.Lindholm J., Juul S., et al. Incidence and late prognosis of Cushing's syndrome: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86(1): 117-23.Lindholm J., Juul S., et al. Incidence and late prognosis of Cushing's syndrome: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86(1): 117-23.Mancini T, Kola B, Mantero F, Boscaro M, Arnaldi G. High cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing's syndrome according to 1999 WHO/ISH guidelines. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004 Dec; 61(6): 768-77.Mancini T, Kola B, Mantero F, Boscaro M, Arnaldi G. High cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing's syndrome according to 1999 WHO/ISH guidelines. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004 Dec; 61(6): 768-77.Manetti L, Bogazzi F, Giovannetti C, Raffaelli V, Genovesi M, Pellegrini G, Ruocco L, Iannelli A, Martino E. Changes in coagulation indexes and occurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: results from a prospective study before and after surgery. Eur J Endocrinol. Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello 2010 Nov; 163(5): 783-91. Epub 2010 Aug 9.Manetti L, Bogazzi F, Giovannetti C, Raffaelli V, Genovesi M, Pellegrini G, Ruocco L, Iannelli A, Martino E. Changes in coagulation indexes and occurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: results from a prospective study before and after surgery. Eur J Endocrinol. Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello 2010 Nov; 163(5): 783-91. Epub 2010 Aug 9.Miyamore M. Mechanism of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome: possible role of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in kidneys and vascular cells. Internal Medicine 2002Aprl; 41(4): 249-250.Miyamore M. Mechanism of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome: possible role of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in kidneys and vascular cells. Internal Medicine 2002Aprl; 41(4): 249-250.Nieuwdorp M, Stroes ES, Meijers JC, Büller H. Hypercoagulability in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2005 Apr; 5(2): 155-9.Nieuwdorp M, Stroes ES, Meijers JC, Büller H. Hypercoagulability in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2005 Apr; 5(2): 155-9.Palomo I, Alarcón M, Moore-Carrasco R, Argilés JM. Hemostasis alterations in metabolic syndrome (review). Int J Mol Med 2006 Nov; 18(5): 969-74.Palomo I, Alarcón M, Moore-Carrasco R, Argilés JM. Hemostasis alterations in metabolic syndrome (review). Int J Mol Med 2006 Nov; 18(5): 969-74.Pivonello R, Faggiano A, Lombardi G, Colao A. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005 Jun; 34(2): 327-39, VIII.Pivonello R, Faggiano A, Lombardi G, Colao A. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005 Jun; 34(2): 327-39, VIII.Ray JG, Lonn E, Yi Q, Rathe A, Sheridan P, Kearon C. HOPE-2 investigators, Yusuf S., Arnold M.J., McQueen M.J., Pogue J., Probstfield J., Fodor G., Held C., Micks M., Genest J. Jr. Venous thromboembolism in association with features of the metabolic syndrome. QJM 2007 Nov; 100 (11): 679-84. Epub 2007 Sep 10.Ray JG, Lonn E, Yi Q, Rathe A, Sheridan P, Kearon C. HOPE-2 investigators, Yusuf S., Arnold M.J., McQueen M.J., Pogue J., Probstfield J., Fodor G., Held C., Micks M., Genest J. Jr. Venous thromboembolism in association with features of the metabolic syndrome. QJM 2007 Nov; 100 (11): 679-84. Epub 2007 Sep 10.Souverein PC, Berard A, Van Staa TP, et al. Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study. Heart 2004; 90: 859-65.Souverein PC, Berard A, Van Staa TP, et al. Use of oral glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in a population based case-control study. Heart 2004; 90: 859-65.Stimson RH, Walker BR. Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Minerva Endocrinol 2007 Sep; 32(3): 141-59.Stimson RH, Walker BR. Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Minerva Endocrinol 2007 Sep; 32(3): 141-59.Van Guilder GP, Hoetzer GL, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Metabolic syndrome and endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in obese adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008 Jan; 294(1) R39-44. Epub 2007 Oct 24.Van Guilder GP, Hoetzer GL, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Metabolic syndrome and endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in obese adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008 Jan; 294(1) R39-44. Epub 2007 Oct 24.Van Zaane B, Nur E, Squizzato A, Dekkers OM, Twickler MT, Fliers E, Gerdes VE, Büller HR, Brandjes DP. Hypercoagulable state in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Aug; 94(8): 2743-50. Epub 2009 May 19. Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Van Zaane B, Nur E, Squizzato A, Dekkers OM, Twickler MT, Fliers E, Gerdes VE, Büller HR, Brandjes DP. Hypercoagulable state in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Aug; 94(8): 2743-50. Epub 2009 May 19. Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Wake DJ, Walker BR. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 215: 45-54.Wake DJ, Walker BR. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 215: 45-54.Walker BR, Soderberg S, Lindahl B., et al. Independent effects of obesity and cortisol in predicting cardiovascular risk factors in men and women. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 198-204.Walker BR, Soderberg S, Lindahl B., et al. Independent effects of obesity and cortisol in predicting cardiovascular risk factors in men and women. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 198-204.Whorwood CB, Donovan SJ, Wood PJ, et al. Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms and type 1 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in human skeletal muscle cells: a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance? J Clin Endo Metab 2001; 86: 2296-308.Whorwood CB, Donovan SJ, Wood PJ, et al. Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms and type 1 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in human skeletal muscle cells: a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance? J Clin Endo Metab 2001; 86: 2296-308.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.