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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet13177</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-13177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие метаболического синдрома и функциональное состояние брыжеечных артерий у самок крыс, получавших высокожировую диету</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of metabolic syndrome and functional state of mesenteric arteries in female rats fed a high-fat diet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-5173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Галина Тажимовна, к.б.н., вед.науч.сотр. лаборатории физиологии сердечно-сосудистой и лимфатической систем </p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, наб. Макарова, д. 6</p><p>Scopus AutorID: 57210290363</p><p>ResearcherID: J-6089-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina T. Ivanova, PhD</p><p>6 Makarova Emb., 199034, St-Petersburg</p><p>ResearcherID: ABD-2457-2020</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 27210290363</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanovagt@infran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>310</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова Г.Т., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова Г.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova G.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13177">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13177</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Изменение профиля питания людей привело к избыточному потреблению жиров и углеводов, что сопровождается развитием метаболического синдрома (МС). Основные исследования механизмов МС выполняются на самцах, особенности МС у самок изучены недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью было оценить состояния липидного и углеводного обмена, функционального состояния брыжеечных артерий у интактных и овариоэктомированных самок крыс Wistar при высокожировой диетической нагрузке.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы 4 группы самок крыс: группа HFD (high fat diet, n=14), интактные, получавшие 50% жиров в диете, HFD (n=14) — овариоэктомированные, получавшие 50% жиров, CG (n=12) — интактные, получавшие стандартный рацион, OvCG (n=12) — овариоэктомированные, получавшие стандартный рацион. Через 10 недель исследовали реакции предконтрактированных фенилэфрином брыжеечных артерий на ацетилхолин (АХ) в отсутствие и при применении блокатора NO-синтазы (L-NAME), а также на нитропруссид натрия (НП), используя микрофото- и видеорегистрацию диаметра сосудов in vivo. Оценивали состояние углеводного и липидного обменов, артериальное давление (АД), уровень висцерального ожирения. Исследование относится к интервенционному одновыборочному контролируемому исследованию.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При отсутствии различий в массе тела у крыс HFD и OvHFD избыточное потребление жиров приводит к висцеральному ожирению, подъему уровня триглицеридов и ЛПНП, повышению АД, инсулинрезистентности по сравнению с CG и OvCG. Оценка дилатации брыжеечных артерий при концентрации АХ 10–5 моль/л показала, что у самок HFD амплитуда релаксации была на 19,9% меньше, чем у CG, у OvHFD — на 21,3% меньше, чем у OvCG. По сравнению с величиной дилатации на АХ без блокаторов, предварительная инкубации сосудов c L-NAME привела к снижению амплитуды АХ-индуцированной релаксации сосудов у CG — на 68,0±3,6%, у OvCG — на 70,1±3,4%, у HFD — на 48,4±2,9%, у OvHFD — на 55,1±3,9%. Вызванная НП вазодилатация была снижена у крыс HFD на 32,3%, у OvHFD — на 32,2% по сравнению с CG и OvCG.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Избыточное потребление жиров самками крыс сопровождается висцеральным ожирением, подъемом АД, дислипидемией, нарушением углеводного обмена. Развитие МС сопровождается эндотелиальной дисфункцией, проявляющейся снижением АХ-индуцированной дилатации вследствие как угнетения продукции NO эндотелием, так и снижения чувствительности ГМК к NO, при этом у овариоэктомированных самок усиливается висцеральное ожирение без снижения реактивности сосудов по сравнению с интактными животными.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Changes in the human nutrition profile have led to excessive consumption of fats and carbohydrates, which is accompanied by the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The main studies of the mechanisms of MS are performed on males, the features of MS in females have not been sufficiently studied.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. The objective was to assess the state of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the functional state of the mesenteric arteries in intact and ovariectomized female Wistar rats under a high-fat dietary load.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four groups of female rats were used: HFD (high fat diet, n=14), intact, receiving 50% fat in the diet, HFD (n=14) — ovariectomized, receiving 50% fat, CG (n=12) — intact, receiving a standard diet, OvCG (n=12) — ovariectomized, receiving a standard diet. After 10 weeks, the responses of mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine to acetylcholine (ACh) in the absence and with the use of an NO synthase blocker (L-NAME), as well as to sodium nitroprusside (NP), were studied using microphoto- and video recording of the vessel diameter in vivo. The state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, arterial pressure (BP), and the level of visceral obesity were assessed. The study refers to an interventional single-sample controlled study.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. In the absence of differences in body weight in HFD and OvHFD rats, excess fat intake leads to visceral obesity, increased triglyceride and LDL levels, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance compared to CG and OvCG. Evaluation of mesenteric artery dilation at an ACh concentration of 10–5 mol/L showed that in HFD females the relaxation amplitude was 19.9% lower than in CG, and in OvHFD it was 21.3% lower than in OvCG. Compared with the magnitude of dilation on ACh without blockers, pre-incubation of vessels with L-NAME led to a decrease in the amplitude of ACh-induced vascular relaxation in CG by 68.0±3.6%, in OvCG by 70.1±3.4%, in HFD by 48.4±2.9%, in OvHFD by 55.1±3.9%. NP-induced vasodilation was reduced in HFD rats by 32.3%, in OvHFD by 32.2% compared with CG and OvCG.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. Excessive fat consumption by female rats is accompanied by visceral obesity, increased blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia. The development of MS is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, manifested by a decrease in ACh-induced dilation due to both the suppression of NO production by the endothelium and a decrease in the sensitivity of SMC to NO, while in ovariectomized females, visceral obesity without a decrease in vascular reactivity compared to intact animals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокожировая диета</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>самки крыс</kwd><kwd>вазодилатация</kwd><kwd>брыжеечная артерия</kwd><kwd>овариоэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-fat diet</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>female rats</kwd><kwd>vasodilation</kwd><kwd>mesenteric artery</kwd><kwd>ovariectomy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Pабота поддержана средствами федерального бюджета в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН Институт физиологии им. И.П.Павлова РАН (№ 1021062411787-0-3.1.8).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022;38(3):e3502. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3502</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022;38(3):e3502. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3502</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill S, O’Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: A closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. 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