ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet13058ometendo-13058Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПотенциал маркеров метилирования ДНК в изучении ожиренияThe potential of DNA methylation markers in the study of obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-8879НиколаеваА. Ф.NikolaevaA. F.

Николаева Александра Федоровна

115478, Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1

Aleksandra F. Nikolaeva

1 Moskvorechye st., 115522 Moscow

Alex.ru97@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-2171ПетроваК. О.PetrovaK. O.

Петрова Кристина Олеговна

Москва

Kristina O. Petrova

Moscow

tina.petrova11@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-1053ВасюковаО. В.VasyukovaO. V.

Васюкова Ольга Владимировна - к.м.н.

Москва

Olga V. Vasyukova - MD, PhD.

Moscow

o.vasyukova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-2474ГусейноваР. М.GuseinovaR. M.

Гусейнова Раисат Магомедкамиловна - Scopus Author ID: 58077013800; Researcher ID: HDO-1221-2022.

Москва

Raisat M. Guseinova - MD; Scopus Author ID: 58077013800; Researcher ID: HDO-1221-2022.

Moscow

rasgus-9@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-8215МинниахметовИ. Р.MinniakhmetovI. R.

Минниахметов Илдар Рамилевич - к.б.н.

Москва

Ildar R. Minniakhmetov - PhD in biology.

Moscow

minniakhmetov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-850XХусаиноваР. И.KhusainovaR. I.

Хусаинова Рита Игоревна - д.б.н.

Москва

Rita I. Khusainova - MD, PhD in biology.

Moscow

ritakh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742МокрышеваН. Г.MokryshevaN. G.

Мокрышева Наталья Георгиевна - д.м.н., профессор.

Москва

Natalia G. Mokrysheva - MD, PhD, Professor.

Moscow

mokryshevan@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-3577СигинВ. О.SiginV. O.

Сигин Владимир Олегович - к.б.н.

Москва

Vladimir O. Sigin - PhD in biology.

Moscow

sigin.vladimir@gmail.comМедико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. БочковаРоссияResearch Centre for Medical GeneticsRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation202323012024204301308Copyright © Николаева А.Ф., Петрова К.О., Васюкова О.В., Гусейнова Р.М., Минниахметов И.Р., Хусаинова Р.И., Мокрышева Н.Г., Сигин В.О., 20242024Николаева А.Ф., Петрова К.О., Васюкова О.В., Гусейнова Р.М., Минниахметов И.Р., Хусаинова Р.И., Мокрышева Н.Г., Сигин В.О.Nikolaeva A.F., Petrova K.O., Vasyukova O.V., Guseinova R.M., Minniakhmetov I.R., Khusainova R.I., Mokrysheva N.G., Sigin V.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13058

Ожирение — сложное, гетерогенное, активно прогрессирующее заболевание, проявляющееся избыточным образованием жировой ткани в организме и имеющее, как правило, высокий кардиометаболический риск и специфические осложнения. В настоящее время появляются новые данные, объясняющие патогенез ожирения не только генетическими вариациями и дисбалансом между потреблением и расходом энергии, но и влиянием эпигенетических механизмов, например, метилирования ДНК. Метилирование ДНК — наиболее изученная эпигенетическая модификация, статус которой в клетке может изменяться под воздействием различных внешних и внутренних факторов окружающей среды, включая питание, образ жизни, гормоны. Эти изменения могут приводить к дисрегуляции генов, ответственных за метаболические процессы, ассоциированные с развитием ожирения. Однако исследования в области изучения эпигенетических меток как потенциальных посредников ожирения неоднородны по дизайну, методологии и результатам. В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются концептуальные основы, анализирующие связь между метилированием ДНК, ожирением, воспалением и ответом на снижение массы тела, в том числе после проведения бариатрических операций, а также вопросы выбора материала и методологии, которые следует учитывать при планировании исследований в этой области.

Obesity is a complex, heterogeneous, actively progressive disease manifested by excessive formation of adipose tissue in the body and usually has a high cardiometabolic risk and specific complications. Currently, new data are emerging that explain the pathogenesis of obesity not only by genetic variations and imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but also by the influence of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification, whose status in the cell can be altered by various external and internal environmental factors, including diet, lifestyle, and hormones. These changes may lead to dysregulation of genes responsible for metabolic processes associated with the development of obesity. However, studies investigating epigenetic marks as potential mediators of obesity are heterogeneous in design, methodology, and results. This review discusses a conceptual framework analyzing the relationship between DNA methylation, obesity, inflammation, and response to weight loss, including after bariatric surgery, as well as material selection and methodology issues to consider when designing studies in this area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.