ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet13055ometendo-13055Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОжирение. Причины, типы и перспективыObesity. Reasons, features and prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-7575БондареваЭ. А.BondarevaE. A.

Бондарева Эльвира Александровна, к.б.н. 

119435, г. Москва, ул. Малая Пироговская д. 1а 

Elvira A. Bondareva, PhD in biology 

1a Malaya Pirogovskaya street, 119435 Moscow

Bondareva.E@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702ТрошинаЕ. А.TroshinaE. A.

Трошина Екатерина Анатольевна, д.м.н., профессор 

г. Москва

Ekaterina A. Troshina, MD, PhD, Professor

Moscow

 

troshina@inbox.ruФедеральный научно-клинический центр Физико-химической медицины им. акад. Ю.М. Лопухина Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation202417062024212174187Copyright © Бондарева Э.А., Трошина Е.А., 20242024Бондарева Э.А., Трошина Е.А.Bondareva E.A., Troshina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13055

Стремительные изменения морфологических характеристик населения, начавшиеся в середине прошлого столетия, обусловлены изменением среды обитания. «Жирогенная» среда, которая формируется в урбанизированных пространствах, способствует гиподинамии и гиперкалорийному рациону, а процессы глобализации способствуют ожирению населения во всех странах мира. От эпидемии ожирения, провозглашенной ВОЗ в 1988г., человечество перешло к пандемии ожирения. В представленном обзоре проведен анализ мировых и российских трендов в развитии ожирения. Представлены данные о распространенности скрытого ожирения и критерии диагностики данного состояния. Проведен анализ данных о динамике ИМТ в мире и на территории РФ. Рассмотрены различные варианты топографии жироотложения и их связь с коморбидными заболеваниями. Обсуждается строение подкожного жирового депо в абдоминальной области и влияние наружного (superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, SSAT) и глубокого (deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, DSAT) слоев подкожной жировой клетчатки в области живота на риски развития заболеваний. Представлены результаты оценки диагностической ценности Т/А замены в гене FTO (rs9939609) для прогноза доли жировой массы и абдоминального характера жироотложения у взрослых.

Rapid changes in the morphological characteristics of the population, which began in the middle of the last century, are due to changes in the habitat. The “obesogenic” environment that is formed in urbanized spaces contributes to physical inactivity and a hypercaloric diet, and the processes of globalization contribute to obesity in the population in all countries of the world. From the obesity epidemic declared by WHO in 1988, humanity has moved to an obesity pandemic. The presented review analyzes global and Russian trends in the development of obesity. Data on the prevalence of latent obesity and diagnostic criteria for this condition are presented. An analysis of data on the dynamics of BMI in the world and in the Russian Federation was carried out. Various options for the topography of fat deposition and their relationship with comorbid diseases are considered. The structure of the subcutaneous fat depot in the abdominal area and the influence of the outer (superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, SSAT) and deep (deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, DSAT) layers of subcutaneous fatty tissue in the abdominal area on the risks of developing diseases are discussed. The results of assessing the diagnostic value of the T/A substitution in the FTO gene (rs9939609) for predicting the proportion of fat mass and abdominal fat deposition in adults are presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.