ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet13027ometendo-13027Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМикробиота и синдром повышенной кишечной проницаемости при сахарном диабете 1 и 2 типаSyndrome of increased intestinal permeability in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-3747ДворяньчиковЯ. В.DvoryanchikovYa. V.

Дворяньчиков Ярослав Владимирович.

117036, Москва, улица Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Yaroslav V. Dvoryanchikov.

11 Dm.Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow

yaroslav.dvoryanchikov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-3412ДеунежеваС. М.DeunezhevaS. M.

Деунежева Салима Мухарбековна.

117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11

Salima M. Deunezheva.

Moscow

deunezhewa.salima@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-754XБелоглазовВ. А.BeloglazovV. A.

Белоглазов Владимир Алексеевич - д.м.н., профессор.

295051, бульвар Ленина 5/7, Симферополь

Scopus Author ID 7007129056

Vladimir A. Beloglazov - MD, PhD, Professor.

Simferopol

Scopus Author ID 7007129056

biloglazov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7262ЯцковИ. А.YatskovI. A.

Яцков Игорь Анатольевич - к.м.н.

295051, бульвар Ленина 5/7, Симферополь

Scopus Author ID 57218873902

Igor A. Yatskov.

Simferopol

Scopus Author ID 57218873902

egermd@mail.ruГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияSNC RF FSBI «NMRC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationКафедра внутренней медицины №2, Институт «Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского» ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского»РоссияDepartment of Internal Medicine № 2, Institute «S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy», V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal UniversityRussian Federation202417062024213309315Copyright © Дворяньчиков Я.В., Деунежева С.М., Белоглазов В.А., Яцков И.А., 20242024Дворяньчиков Я.В., Деунежева С.М., Белоглазов В.А., Яцков И.А.Dvoryanchikov Y.V., Deunezheva S.M., Beloglazov V.A., Yatskov I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13027

Сахарный диабет — это хроническое заболевание, требующее пожизненного медицинского наблюдения. Сотни миллионов людей во всем мире и быстрорастущая заболеваемость сахарным диабетом (СД) являются тяжелым бременем для системы здравоохранения. За последние десятилетия опубликовано множество работ, посвященных изменению микробиоты кишечника и его проницаемости при сахарном диабете первого и второго типов (СД1 и СД2). Из-за изменения проницаемости стенки кишечника нарушается и его барьерная функция, в результате чего облегчается доступ инфекционных агентов и пищевых антигенов к иммунным элементам слизистой оболочки. Данные патологические изменения в конечном итоге могут привести к иммунным реакциям с повреждением бета-клеток поджелудочной железы, а также способствуют увеличению продукции воспалительных цитокинов с последующей резистентностью к инсулину. Изменение качественного и количественного состава микробиоты играет важную роль в манифестации многих аутоиммунных и метаболических заболеваний. Понимание факторов, регулирующих функцию кишечного барьера и состав кишечного микроокружения, дает важную информацию о взаимодействиях между люминальными антигенами и элементами иммунного ответа. В этом обзоре анализируются последние достижения медицины в понимании механизмов, связывающие организм хозяина, кишечную микробиоту и повышенную кишечную проницаемость при СД1 и СД2.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical supervision. Hundreds of millions of people around the world and the rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes are a heavy burden on the health system. Over the past decades, many works have been published on changes in the intestinal microbiota and its permeability in diabetes mellitus of the first and second type (T1DM and T2DM). Due to changes in the permeability of the intestinal wall, its barrier function is also disrupted, as a result of which the access of infectious agents and food antigens to the immune elements of the mucous membrane is facilitated. These pathological changes can eventually lead to immune reactions with damage to pancreatic beta cells, and contribute to an increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines, followed by insulin resistance. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota play an important role in the manifestation of many autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Understanding the factors regulating the function of the intestinal barrier and the composition of the intestinal microenvironment provides important information about the interactions between luminal antigens and elements of the immune response. This review analyzes the latest advances in medicine in understanding the mechanisms linking the host organism, the intestinal microbiota and increased intestinal permeability in T1DM and T2DM.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.