ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet13020ometendo-13020Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВлияние сахарозаменителей на углеводный обмен, метаболические показатели и кишечную микробиотуThe effect of sweeteners on carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic parameters and intestinal microbiotahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-6603СилинаН. В.SilinaN. V.

Силина Наталья Валерьевна.

117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Natalia V. Silina - MD.

11 Dm.Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow

similnatav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-9381МазуринаН. В.MazurinaN. V.

Мазурина Наталия Валентиновна - д.м.н.

Москва

Natalya V. Mazurina - MD, PhD.

Moscow

natalyamazurina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-4397ЕршоваЕ. В.ErshovaE. V.

Ершова Екатерина Владимировна - к.м.н.

Москва

Ekaterina V. Ershova - MD, PhD.

Moscow

Ershova.Ekaterina@endocrincentr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-2374КомшиловаК. A.KomshilovaK. A.

Комшилова Ксения Андреевна - к.м.н.

Москва

Kseniya A. Komshilova - MD, PhD.

Moscow

kom-ksusha@rambler.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation2024110320242115867Copyright © Силина Н.В., Мазурина Н.В., Ершова Е.В., Комшилова К.A., 20242024Силина Н.В., Мазурина Н.В., Ершова Е.В., Комшилова К.A.Silina N.V., Mazurina N.V., Ershova E.V., Komshilova K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13020

Распространенность ожирения и сахарного диабета 2 типа продолжает расти, что определяет необходимость разработки новых методов профилактики с целью снижения популяционных рисков развития данных заболеваний. Актуальным направлением является ограничение потребления легкоусвояемых углеводов и использование вместо них низкокалорийных или некалорийных сахарозаменителей (подсластителей). В настоящее время наблюдается увеличение использования некалорийных подсластителей при изготовлении продуктов питания. В этой связи изучение их возможных эффектов на метаболические процессы приобретает большую значимость.

В данном обзоре приведены исследования, показавшие различное влияние некалорийных сахарозаменителей различного химического строения на углеводный и жировой обмен, массу тела, состав кишечной микробиоты, а также регуляцию пищевого поведения. Часть исследований показывает, что некалорийные сахарозаменители могут использоваться у лиц с ожирением в рамках комплексной программы снижения массы тела, а также у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа с целью снижения постпрандиальной гипергликемии. Другие исследования демонстрируют негативное влияние ряда некалорийных сахарозаменителей на углеводный обмен.

Основной поиск материалов осуществлялся в базах данных Pubmed, eLIBRARY.ru, Google Scholar. Временные критерии поиска: 2012–2023 гг. Соответствующая дополнительная литература была включена после ручного поиска в списках литературы включенных статей.

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes continues to grow, which determines the need to develop new methods of prevention in order to reduce the population risks of developing these diseases. The current direction is to limit the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates and use low-calorie or non-calorie sweeteners instead. Currently, there is an increase in the use of non-calorie sweeteners in the manufacture of food. In this regard, the study of their possible effects on metabolic processes is of great importance.

This review presents studies that have shown different effects of non-calorie sweeteners on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, body weight, the composition of intestinal microbiota, as well as the regulation of eating behavior. Some studies show that low-calorie sugar substitutes can be used in obese people as part of a comprehensive weight loss program, as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with the aim of reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. Other studies demonstrate the negative effect of a number of low-calorie sweeteners on carbohydrate metabolism.

The main search for materials was carried out in Pubmed databases, eLIBRARY.ru, Google Scholar. Temporary search criteria 2012–2023 The relevant additional literature was included after a manual search in the literature lists of the included articles.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.