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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet12968</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-12993</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка регуляторного влияния карнозина и альфа-липоевой кислоты на цитокиновый профиль коры головного мозга крыс линии Wistar при индуцированном ожирении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the regulatory effect of carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid on the cytokine profile of the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats under induced obesity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-3629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушина</surname><given-names>Э. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трушина Элеонора Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>109240, г. Москва, Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9908-6436</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eleonora N. Trushina, MD, PhD</p><p>Ustinsky avenue, 2/14, 650065, Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trushina@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-2485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Riger</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ригер Николай Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Riger, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rieger_63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-6918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимонин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timonin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимонин Андрей Николаевич, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Timonin, MD, PhD in biology</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey8407@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-4202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девятов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devyatov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Девятов Александр Андреевич, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Devyatov, PhD in biology</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sasha.92.jan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-9347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аксенов Илья Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Aksenov, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyaaksenoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-8992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тутельян Виктор Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Tutelyan, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tutelyan@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Центр стратегического планирования» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks» of the Federal Medical Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трушина Э.Н., Ригер Н.А., Тимонин А.Н., Девятов А.А., Аксенов И.В., Тутельян В.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трушина Э.Н., Ригер Н.А., Тимонин А.Н., Девятов А.А., Аксенов И.В., Тутельян В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trushina E.N., Riger N.A., Timonin A.N., Devyatov A.A., Aksenov I.V., Tutelyan V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12993">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12993</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Модель ожирения в экспериментальных условиях воспроизводится путем применения у животных высококалорийных рационов. Установлено, что нарушения обмена веществ вызывают метавоспаление не только в периферических органах и тканях, но и в структурах головного мозга. Поиск эффективных нейропротекторов — антиоксидантов для супрессии воспалительных процессов в коре головного мозга при ожирении является актуальной задачей в связи с широкой распространенностью данного заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка влияния минорных биологически активных веществ — карнозина (CAR) и α-липоевой кислоты (ALA) на цитокиновый профиль коры лобной доли левого полушария головного мозга у крыс самцов линии Wistar при ожирении, индуцированном высококалорийным холинодефицитным рационом (ВКХДР).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на крысах-самцах линии Wistar с исходной массой тела 150±10 г. Животные были рандомизированы по массе тела на 5 групп. В течение 8 нед крысы 1-й (контрольной) группы получали полноценный модифицированный рацион AIN93М; 2-й группы — потребляли ВКХДР, содержание жира в котором составляло 45%, фруктозы — 20% от энергетической ценности рациона; 3-й группы — ВКХДР с добавлением CAR в дозе 75 мг на 1 кг массы тела; 4-й группы — ВКХДР с добавлением ALA в дозе 75 мг на 1 кг массы тела; 5-й группы — ВКХДР с добавлением комплекса CAR+ALA в суммарной дозе 150 мг на 1 кг массы тела. Выведение животных из эксперимента осуществляли путем декапитации под эфирной анестезией. Уровни триглицеридов (Тг) и свободных жирных кислот (СЖК) в плазме крови (ммоль) определяли на биохимическом анализаторе (Konelab 20i, Thermo Clinical Labsystems Oy, Финляндия). Содержание цитокинов и хемокинов (пг/мл): GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MIP-3α, RANTES и TNF-α в лизатах коры головного мозга определяли методом мультиплексного иммуноанализа на анализаторе Luminex 200 (Luminex Corporation, США). Для оценки взаимосвязи между уровнем цитокинов в плазме крови и изменениями их концентраций под влиянием ВКХДР в лизатах коры лобной доли левого полушария головного мозга вычисляли соотношение: уровень цитокинов пг/мл в плазме крови содержание цитокинов пг/мл в лизатах (пл/лиз) по каждой пробе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На модели ожирения у крыс установлено наличие воспалительного процесса в коре головного  мозга,  о  чем  свидетельствует  увеличение  содержания  провоспалительных  факторов:  IL-2,  M-CSF,  MIP-1α и RANTES и разной степени выраженности снижение содержания иммунорегуляторных цитокинов: IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-a, MIP-2 и MIP-3α у крыс 2-й группы (ВКХДР) по сравнению с контрольной группой. Обогащение ВКХДР биологически активными веществами — CAR, ALA или их комплексом обеспечило нормализацию липидного обмена, о чем свидетельствует снижение до контрольных значений соотношения циркулирующих Тг к СЖК в сыворотке крови крыс: 1-я группа (контроль) — 1,04±0,23; 2-я (ВКХДР) — 1,64±0,63; 3-я (CAR) — 0,98±0,31; 4-я (ALA) — 0,86±0,31; 5-я (CAR+ALA) — 1,02±0,38. Обогащение ВКХДР CAR, ALA или их комплексом привело к снижению содержания в коре лобной доли головного мозга крыс провоспалительных и регулирующих апоптоз цитокинов и хемокинов: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-17A, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-3α и RANTES наряду с повышением уровня противовоспалительного цитокина IL-10, что свидетельствует о супрессии воспалительного процесса, индуцированного потреблением крысами ВКХДР.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о перспективе использования CAR и ALA или их комплекса в качестве нейропротекторов — антиоксидантов для снижения воспалительного процесса в структурах головного мозга при ожирении.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: The model of obesity under experimental conditions is reproduced by using high-calorie diets in animals. It has been established that metabolic disorders cause meta-inflammation not only in peripheral organs and tissues, but also in brain structures. The search for effective neuroprotective antioxidants to suppress inflammatory processes in the cerebral cortex in obesity is an urgent task due to the widespread prevalence of this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: to evaluate the effect of minor biologically active substances — carnosine (CAR) and α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the cytokine profile of the frontal cortex of the left hemisphere of the brain in Wistar male rats with obesity induced by a high-calorie choline-deficient diet.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 150±10 g. The animals were randomized by body weight into 5 groups. For 8 weeks, rats of the 1st (control) group received a complete modified diet of AIN93M; rats of the 2nd group consumed a high-calorie choline-deficient diet (HCHDR), the fat content of which was 45%, fructose — 20% of the energy value of the diet; rats of the 3rd group received HCHDR with the addition of CAR at a dose of 75 mg per 1 kg of body weight; rats of the 4th group received HCHDR with the addition of ALA at a dose of 75 mg per 1 kg of body weight; rats of the 5th group received HCHDR with the addition of the CAR + ALA complex in a total dose of 150 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The levels of triglycerides (Tg) and free fatty acids (FFA) in blood plasma (mmol) were determined on a biochemical analyzer (Konelab 20i, Thermo Clinical Labsystems Oy, Finland). Content of cytokines and chemokines (pg/ml): GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MIP-3α, RANTES, and TNF-α in cerebral cortex lysates were determined by multiplex immunoassay using a Luminex 200 analyzer (Luminex Corporation, USA). To assess the relationship between the level of cytokines in blood plasma and changes in their concentrations under the influence of HCCDR in lysates of the cortex of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain, the ratio was calculated: the level of cytokines pg/ml in blood plasma [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]/the content of cytokines pg/ml in lysates (pl/ lys) for each sample.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: On the model of obesity in rats, the presence of an inflammatory process in the cerebral cortex was established, as evidenced by an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory factors: IL-2, M-CSF, MIP-1α and RANTES and a decrease in the content of immunoregulatory cytokines of varying severity: IL-10, IL17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-a, MIP-2 and MIP-3α in group 2 rats. (HCHDR) compared with the control group. Enrichment of HCHDR with biologically active substances: CAR, ALA or their complex, ensured the normalization of lipid metabolism, as evidenced by the decrease in the ratio of circulating Tg to FFA in the blood serum of rats to control values: 1st gr. (control) — 1,04±0.23; 2nd gr. (HCHDR) — 1,64±0.63; 3rd gr. (CAR) — 0,98±0.31; 4th gr. (ALA) — 0,86±0.31; 5th gr. (CAR+ALA) — 1,02±0.38. Enrichment of HCHDR with CAR, ALA or their complex led to a decrease in the content of pro-inflammatory and apoptosis-regulating cytokines and chemokines in the cortex of the frontal lobe of the rat brain: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-17A, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP3α and RANTES, along with an increase in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which indicates the suppression of the inflammatory process induced by the consumption of HCHDR in rats.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate the prospect of using CAR and ALA or their complex as neuroprotective antioxidants to reduce the inflammatory process in brain structures in obesity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высококалорийный холинодефицитный рацион</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>карнозин</kwd><kwd>альфа-липоевая кислота</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хемокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-calorie cholinodeficient diet</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>carnosine</kwd><kwd>alpha-lipoic acid</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chemokines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено за счет средств субсидии на выполнение государственного задания. Авторы выражают глубокую благодарность со- трудникам ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»: Гусевой Г.В., Тру- сову Н.В., Авреньевой Л.И. и Балакиной А.С. за помощь в проведении  исследований.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ригер Н.А., Трушина Э.Н. , Тимонин А.Н. и др. Влияние карнозина и альфа-липоевой кислоты на цитокиновый профиль у самцов крыс линии Wistar при ожирении // Аллергология и иммунология. — 2022. — Т. 23. — №1. — С. 22-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">РRiger NA, Trushina EN, Timonin AN, et al. Effect of carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid on the cytokine profile in obese male Wistar rats. Allergology and Immunology. 2022;23(1):22-28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. 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