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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet12961</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-12961</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Костное ремоделирование при менопаузе в сочетании с сахарным диабетом у крыс Wistar</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bone remodeling in experimental diabetes mellitus and surgical menopause in Wistar rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-5427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимкина Наталья Владимировна</p><p>Researcher ID: ABG-3536-2021Scopus Author ID: 57222553770eLibrary SPIN: 6259-7745</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, улица Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Timkina</p><p>Researcher ID: ABG-3536-2021Scopus Author ID: 57222553770eLibrary SPIN: 6259-7745</p><p>2 Akkuratov Street, 197341 Saint-Petersburg</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.timkina2014@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-1280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симаненкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simanenkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симаненкова Анна Владимировна, к.м.н.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN 3675-9216</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Simanenkova, MD, PhD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN 3675-9216</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annasimanenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-8722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байрамов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayramov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байрамов Алекбер Азизага оглы, д.м.н.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9802-9988</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekber A. Bayramov, MD, PhD</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9802-9988</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Bayramov_AA@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-9406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокина Мария Александровна</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3522-6052</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Kokina</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3522-6052</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mapillika@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Наталья Юрьевна, к.б.н.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3566-4723</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Yu. Semenova, PhD in Biology</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3566-4723</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natyciel87@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагиев</surname><given-names>А. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagiev</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гагиев Александр Зурабович</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3054-6383</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr Z. Gagiev</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3054-6383</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandrgagiev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каронова</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karonova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каронова Татьяна Леонидовна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3337-4071</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana L. Karonova, PhD, Professor</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3337-4071</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-7680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гринева Елена Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2703-0841</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Grineva, PhD, Professor</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2703-0841</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grineva_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова;&#13;
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre;&#13;
Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова;&#13;
ФГБУ Российский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre;&#13;
Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимкина Н.В., Симаненкова А.В., Байрамов А.А., Кокина М.А., Семенова Н.Ю., Гагиев А.З., Каронова Т.Л., Гринева Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимкина Н.В., Симаненкова А.В., Байрамов А.А., Кокина М.А., Семенова Н.Ю., Гагиев А.З., Каронова Т.Л., Гринева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timkina N.V., Simanenkova A.V., Bayramov A.A., Kokina M.A., Semenova N.Y., Gagiev A.Z., Karonova T.L., Grineva E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12961">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12961</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Остеопороз — хроническое метаболическое заболевание скелета, характеризующееся высокой частотой низкотравматичных переломов вследствие снижения плотности костной ткани и нарушения ее микроархитектоники. Постменопаузальный остеопороз занимает около 80% в структуре остеопороза у женщин после 50 лет. Сахарный диабет (СД) не только является фактором риска низкотравматичных переломов, но и ухудшает репаративные процессы в костной ткани. Встречаемость и СД 2 типа, и остеопороза возрастает в период менопаузы, поэтому изучение костного обмена в условиях экспериментального СД и менопаузы без вмешательства внешних факторов представляется важным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение маркеров костного обмена и параметров гистоморфометрии костной ткани в условиях хирургической менопаузы и экспериментального СД.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В начале эксперимента половине самок крыс стока Wistar проводилась двусторонняя овариэктомия (ОЭ). Затем в течение 4 нед и далее на протяжении всего эксперимента животные находились на диете с повышенным содержанием насыщенных жиров. Для моделирования СД вводился раствор никотинамида и стрептозотоцина. Были сформированы следующие группы: «Контроль» (самки без каких-либо вмешательств, получавшие стандартный корм, n=5), «ОЭ» (самки после ОЭ, n=5), «CД» (самки с моделированным СД, n=4), «ОЭ+CД» (самки после ОЭ с СД, n=4). Период наблюдения составил 8 нед. В конце эксперимента производился забор крови с последующим определением маркеров костного ремоделирования и фосфорно-кальциевого обмена (остеокальцин, остеопротегерин (ОПГ), лиганд активатора рецептора ядерного фактора каппа-бета (RANKL), склеростин, фактор роста фибробластов-23 (ФРФ-23), кальций общий, фосфор неорганический). После эвтаназии проводилось гистоморфометрическое исследование костей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уровень фосфора был значимо ниже как в группе «ОЭ» (1,63 [1,58; 1,65] ммоль/л), так и в группе «СД» (2,81 [2,57; 2,83] ммоль/л) по сравнению с группой «Контроль» (3,12 [2,55; 3,24] ммоль/л), р&lt;0,001. Данный показатель был значимо выше в группе «ОЭ+СД» (2,79 [2,46; 2,81] ммоль/л) по сравнению с группой «ОЭ» (2,79 [2,46; 2,81] ммоль/л), р=0,025. Уровень остеокальцина был достоверно ниже в группе «СД» (8,11 [7,84; 9,19] нг/мл) по сравнению с группой «Контроль» (16,97 [14,07; 17,07] нг/мл), р=0,005. Найдена слабая отрицательная корреляционная связь (r=-0,5; p&lt;0,05 ) между уровнем глюкозы и уровнем остеокальцина. Выявлены более низкая концентрация RANKL в группе «ОЭ+СД» (278,1 [273,1; 289,7] пг/мл) по сравнению с группой «ОЭ» (400,6 [394,5; 415,1] пг/мл) и более высокое соотношение ОПГ/RANKL (0,03 [0,02; 0,04] и 0,01 [0,004; 0,014] соответственно), р=0,05. В группе «ОЭ» получен более низкий уровень ОПГ (5,1 [1,5; 5,6] пмоль/л) и соотношения ОПГ/RANKL (0,01 [0,003; 0,014]), чем в группе «Контроль» (12,3 [8,8; 14,2] пмоль/л и 0,34 [0,33; 0,4], р=0,025 и р=0,07 соответственно). Площадь костных балок в зоне эпифиза была наибольшей в группе «Контроль» (42 [39; 45]%), различия достоверны по сравнению с группой «ОЭ» (29 [25; 33]%, p=0,011) и группой «ОЭ+СД» (30 [23; 25]%, p=0,016). Площадь костных балок в зоне метаэпифиза также была наибольшей в группе «Контроль» (49 [46; 52]%) по сравнению с группами «ОЭ» (35 [25; 39]%), «СД» (31 [26; 34]%), «ОЭ+СД» (35 [33; 38]), p &lt;0,001. В толщине костных балок различий между группами не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. СД может значимо угнетать костное ремоделирование у животных без хирургической менопаузы, что выражается в более низком уровне остеокальцина. Костный обмен при СД и менопаузе характеризуется более низким уровнем RANKL и более высоким соотношением ОПГ/RANKL, чем у животных без СД. Влияние ОЭ на костный обмен характеризуется большим снижением площади костных балок, чем при изолированном СД.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is metabolic skeletal disease characterized with low bone mass, bone microarchitecture disturbance that together lead to high prevalence of fragility fractures. Postmenopausal osteoporosis accounts for about 80% of the osteoporosis structure in women over 50 years. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for low-traumatic fractures. The incidence of both type 2 DM and osteoporosis increases during menopause. Therefore, the study of bone metabolism in experimental diabetes and surgical menopause seems important.</p><p>THE AIM of the study was to investigate bone metabolism parameters during menopause and experimental type 2 DM.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The half of female Wistar rats had been subjected to bilateral ovariectomy at the beginning of the experiment. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was modelled using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin+nicotinamide. Four weeks after the following groups were formed: «Сontrol» (females without any interventions receiving standard chew, n=5) «OE» (females after ovariectomy n=5), «DM» (females with DM, n=4), «OE+DM» (females after ovariectomy with DM, n=4). The observation period lasted 8 weeks. Bone turnover and calcium-phosphorus metabolism markers (osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factor-kappa-beta receptor activator ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), calcium, phosphorus) were measured in the end of experiment. Bone histomorphometry was performed after euthanasia.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: Phosphorus level was significantly lower both in the «OE» group (1.63 [1.58; 1.65] mmol/L) and in the «DM» group (2.81 [2.57; 2.83] mmol /l) compared to the «Control» group (3.12 [2.55; 3.24] mmol/l) (p&lt;0.001). This marker was significantly higher in the «OE+DM» group (2.79 [2.46; 2.81] mmol/l) in comparison to the «OE» group (2.79 [2.46; 2.81] mmol /l), p=0.025. Osteocalcin level was significantly lower in the «DM» group (8.1 [7.8; 9.2] ng/ml) compared to the «Control» group (16.97 [14.07; 17.07] ng/ml ), p=0.005. A weak negative correlation (r= -0.5, p&lt;0,05) was found between glucose and osteocalcin levels (p=0.03). RANKL level was significantly lower in the «OE+DM» group (278,1 [273.1; 289.7] pg/mL) compared to the «OE» group (400.6 [394.5; 415.1] pg/mL), besides the OPG/RANKL ratio was higher in this group (0.03 [0.02; 0.035] and 0.01 [0.004; 0.014], respectively), p=0.05. In the «OE» group lower OPG level (5.1 [1.5; 5.6] pmol/L) and OPG/RANKL ratio (0.01 [0.003; 0.014]) were obtained in comparison to the «Control» group (12.3 [8.8; 14.2] pmol/l and (0.34[0.33; 0.4], p=0.025 and p=0.07, respectively. The area of bone trabeculae in the epiphyseal zone was the largest in the «Control» group (42 [39; 45]) %; the difference was significant compared to the «OE» group (29 [25; 33] %, p=0.011) and the «OE+DM» group (30 [23; 25] %, p=0.016). The area of bone trabeculae in the metaepiphyseal zone was also the largest in the «Control» group (49 [46; 52] %) compared to the «OE» (35 [25; 39] %), «DM» (31 [26; 34] %), «OE+DM» (35 [33; 38] %), p&lt;0.001. There was no difference in the thickness of the bone trabeculae among the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: DM induction can significantly inhibit bone remodeling in animals without menopause, which is reflected in a lower osteocalcin level. Bone turnover during DM and surgical menopause is characterized by lower RANKL levels and higher OPG/RANKL ratio. The effect of ovariectomy on bone metabolism was manifested in more extensive decrease in bone trabeculae area than in DM.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>менопауза</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>костное ремоделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>menopause</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>bone remodeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № 122041900088-1 «Персонифицированный подход в выборе сахароснижающей терапии у больных СД 2 типа, основанный на нейропротективных и остеопротективных свойствах препаратов»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA. Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. 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