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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet12935</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-12935</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболические последствия антипсихотической терапии: состояние проблемы и возможные пути ее решения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics: the state of the problem and management options</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балашова Анастасия Владимировна - врач-эндокринолог, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения биомаркеров старения.</p><p>129226, Москва, 1-я ул. Леонова, д. 16</p><p>Researcher ID: GXV-9550-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya V. Balashova.</p><p>16 1-st Leonova Str, 129226 Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: GXV-9550-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balashova_av@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-2113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамлеева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamleeva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамлеева Диана Валерьевна - студентка Института клинической медицины.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Mamleeva.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diana_mamleeva99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-3939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачехина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Machekhina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мачехина Любовь Викторовна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией биомаркеров старения, врач-эндокринолог.Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov V. Machekhina - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlv66@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-6850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудинская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudinskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудинская Екатерина Наильевна – доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией возрастных метаболических и эндокринных нарушений, врач-эндокринолог.</p><p>Москва</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55308206900; Researcher ID: H-3281-2013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Dudinskaya, MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55308206900; Researcher ID: H-3281-2013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katharina.gin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>431</fpage><lpage>441</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балашова А.В., Мамлеева Д.В., Мачехина Л.В., Дудинская Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балашова А.В., Мамлеева Д.В., Мачехина Л.В., Дудинская Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balashova A.V., Mamleeva D.V., Machekhina L.V., Dudinskaya E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12935">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12935</self-uri><abstract><p>Антипсихотические препараты (АП) являются основой лечения многих психических заболеваний, включая шизофрению, биполярное аффективное расстройство,  неврологические  заболевания, сопровождающиеся бредом и галлюцинациями, и даже депрессию с выраженными психотическими симптомами. Метаболические нарушения, такие как прибавка массы тела, нарушения углеводного и липидного обменов, относятся к одним из наиболее частых побочных эффектов антипсихотической терапии. Ввиду исходно более высокого риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с психиатрической нозологией  развитие метаболических побочных эффектов на фоне основной терапии представляет  собой серьезную клиническую  проблему, требующую решения. Кроме того, увеличение  массы тела, ассоциированное  с приемом АП, нередко приводит к дистрессу и отказу от основной терапии, что, в свою очередь, становится причиной рецидивов и повторных госпитализаций.</p><p>Среди возможных опций рассматриваются: изменение образа жизни, коррекция подобранного лечения, назначение дополнительных лекарственных средств и их комбинация. Модификация образа жизни относится к терапии первой линии и должна, когда это осуществимо, дополнять другие опции. В то же время пациентам, получающим АП, бывает крайне тяжело придерживаться  рекомендаций, касающихся питания и режима физической  активности. Замена АП на препарат, в меньшей степени влияющий на метаболический профиль, не всегда осуществима и эффективна в достаточной степени. Среди препаратов, назначающихся при увеличении массы тела, ассоциированном с приемом АП, метформин представляется наиболее хорошо изученным, безопасным и эффективным средством. В качестве альтернативных фармакологических вмешательств упоминаются агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида 1 типа и тиазолидиндионы, однако клинические данные об их эффективности и безопасности в данной когорте пациентов крайне ограничены. Дислипидемия на фоне приема АП может развиваться  как самостоятельный побочный эффект даже без увеличения массы тела; наиболее эффективный способ лечения, как и в общей популяции, — назначение статинов. Однако при совместном назначении статинов и АП существенно повышается риск нежелательных реакций, таких как миалгии, миопатии, повышение активности креатинкиназы, что обусловлено конкуренцией препаратов за систему цитохромов.</p><p>В проблеме метаболических побочных эффектов антипсихотической терапии остается множество открытых вопросов, заслуживающих дальнейшего изучения: какие шкалы использовать  для стратификации  сердечно-сосудистого риска и решения вопроса о назначении гиполипидемической  терапии у пациентов, получающих АП; возможно ли профилактическое  назначение метформина для предотвращения увеличения массы тела, и если да, то как выбрать пациентов, которым такая терапия может быть показана; наконец, необходимы клинические исследования для оценки эффективности и безопасности других классов сахароснижающих и гиполипидемических препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Antipsychotic  drugs are widely used for many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, delusions and hallucinations  due to neurological  disorders, depression with severe psychotic  symptoms. Metabolic disorders including  weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia  are one of the most common side effects of antipsychotic therapy. Psychiatric patients have higher risk of cardiovascular disease, so that the development of metabolic side effects is an important clinical problem that should be solved. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain may cause distress that leads to antipsychotics withdraw and repeated hospitalizations.</p><p>Lifestyle changes, correction of the antipsychotic treatment, additional medications and their combination are the possible solutions of antipsychotic metabolic side effects. Lifestyle modification is a first-line therapy that should complement other options, when it feasible. At the same time, it can be extremely difficult for patients receiving antipsychotic to adhere dietary and physical activity recommendations. Replacing an antipsychotic with a milder drug is not always possible and may not be enough effective. Metformin seems to be the most well-studied, safe and effective agent that is prescribed to deal with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and associated metabolic disorders. Glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists and thiazolidinediones  are mentioned as alternative medications, but clinical data on their efficacy and safety in this patient group are extremely limited. Dyslipidemia can develop as an independent antipsychotic side effect even without an increase in body weight. The most effective treatment, as in the general population, is statin therapy. However, the joint appointment of statins and antipsychotic significantly  increases the risk of adverse reactions, such as myalgia, myopathy, increased creatine kinase levels, due to the competition of drugs for the cytochrome system.</p><p>It is still unknown what scales should be used for cardiovascular risk stratification in patients taking antipsychotic and whether it is possible to use metformin to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and if so, how to select patients for whom such therapy can be indicated. Finally, more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of other classes of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs in patients on antipsychotics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антипсихотические препараты</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>увеличение массы тела</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>метформин</kwd><kwd>агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида 1 типа</kwd><kwd>гиполипидемическая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>antipsychotic-induced weight gain</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>metformin</kwd><kwd>glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists</kwd><kwd>lipid-lowering therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd-Kimball D, Gonczy K, Lewis B, et al. Classics in chemical neuroscience: chlorpromazine. 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