ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12839ometendo-12839Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОсобенности молекулярных механизмов патогенеза инсулинорезистентности в различных тканях при ожиренииFeatures of molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis in various tissues in obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-0421КузьменкоД. И.KuzmenkoD. I.

Кузьменко Дмитрий Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики.

634050, Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2

Researcher ID: J-5531-2013; Scopus Author ID: 6603341699

Dmitry I. Kuzmenko - MD, PhD, professor.

2 Moskovsky Trakt street, 634050, Tomsk

Researcher ID: J-5531-2013; Scopus Author ID: 6603341699

dik51@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6122-9090КлиментьеваТ. К.KlimentevaT. K.

Климентьева Татьяна Константиновна – кандидат биологических наук.

Томск

Researcher ID: P-1269-2016; Scopus Author ID: 7801652730

Tatiana K. Klimenteva - MD, PhD in biology.

Tomsk

Researcher ID: P-1269-2016; Scopus Author ID: 7801652730

klimtk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842СамойловаЮ. Г.SamoilovaIu. G.

Самойлова Юлия Геннадьевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.

Томск

Researcher ID: S-4436-2016; Scopus Author ID: 6603015302

Iuliia G. Samoilova - MD, PhD, professor.

Tomsk

Researcher ID: S-4436-2016; Scopus Author ID: 6603015302

samoilova_y@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-1674ДенисовН. С.DenisovN. S.

Денисов Никита Сергеевич.

Томск

Nikita S. Denisov.

Tomsk

denisov.ssmu@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-6686МатвееваМ. В.MatveevaM. V.

Матвеева Мария Владимировна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.

Томск

Researcher ID: J-6338-2015; Scopus ID 57191909736

Mariia V. Matveeva - PhD, professor.

Tomsk

Researcher ID: J-6338-2015; Scopus ID 57191909736

matveeva.mariia@yandex.ruСибирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияSiberian State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202226012023194410417Copyright © Кузьменко Д.И., Климентьева Т.К., Самойлова Ю.Г., Денисов Н.С., Матвеева М.В., 20232023Кузьменко Д.И., Климентьева Т.К., Самойлова Ю.Г., Денисов Н.С., Матвеева М.В.Kuzmenko D.I., Klimenteva T.K., Samoilova I.G., Denisov N.S., Matveeva M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12839

Ожирение — хроническая патология, которую эксперты Всемирной организации здравоохранения расценивают как эпидемию, основываясь  на высоких темпах ежегодного прироста  доли населения с избыточной массой тела практически  во всех странах  мира. Ожирение является  ведущей причиной  формирования  резистентности  к инсулину тканей организма и возникновения сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Это заболевание чревато серьезными осложнениями: возникновением и усугублением сердечно-сосудистой  патологии, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени, появлением некоторых  видов злокачественных  новообразований  и дисфункций репродуктивной  системы. Жировая ткань, скелетные мышцы и печень играют уникальные роли в поддержании метаболического гомеостаза организма. Эти отличия обусловлены тканеспецифичностью внутриклеточных  сигнальных путей инсулина. В настоящем обзоре представлены данные литературы об особенностях молекулярных механизмов, ответственных за нарушение проведения регуляторных сигналов инсулина на внутриклеточном уровне в его главных органах-мишенях при ожирении. Изложены сведения о характере  изменений межорганных метаболических потоков, обусловленных ростом массы жировой ткани, и их участии  в формировании инсулинорезистентности печени и мышц. Обсуждается значимость дальнейшего углубленного изучения тканевых особенностей  механизмов патогенеза инсулинорезистентности для разработки новых таргетных фармпрепаратов, которые послужат совершенствованию  комплексной медикаментозной коррекции нарушений обмена у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа.

Obesity is a chronic pathology, which experts of theWorld Health Organization regard as an epidemic, based on the high rates of annual growth in the proportion of the overweight population in almost all countries of the world. Obesity is the leading cause of tissue insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disease is fraught with serious complications: the onset and aggravation of cardiovascular pathology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the appearance of certain types of malignant neoplasms and dysfunctions of the reproductive system. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver play unique roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of the whole organism. These differences are due to the tissue-specificity of the intracellular signaling  pathways of insulin. This review presents the current literature data on the features of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disturbances in the conduction of regulatory insulin signals at the intracellular level in its main target organs in obesity. The data on the nature of disturbances  in interorgan metabolic flows caused by the growth of adipose tissue mass and their participation in the formation of insulin resistance in the liver and muscles are presented. The importance of  further in-depth study of the tissue features of the mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis  for the development of new targeted pharmaceuticals that will serve to improve the complex drug correction of metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes is discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.