ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12748ometendo-12748Research ArticleНаучные обзорыReviewsЖировая ткань: цвета, депо и функцииAdipose tissue: colors, depots and functionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-6394РоманцоваТ. И.RomantsovaT. I.

Романцова Татьяна Ивановна, д.м.н., профессор; eLibrary SPIN: 3855-5410

Россия, 119991, ул. Б. Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4

Tatiana I. Romantsova, MD, PhD, professor

2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia

romantsovatatiana@rambler.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202104082021183282301Copyright © Романцова Т.И., 20212021Романцова Т.И.Romantsova T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12748

Ожирение — хроническое заболевание, характеризующееся избыточным накоплением жировой ткани. Распространенность ожирения и ассоциированных заболеваний побудила исследователей расширить исследования в области биологии жировой ткани. Благодаря новым технологиям в настоящее время существенно расширились представления о механизмах адипогенеза, особенностях метаболизма липидов и глюкозы, паракринной и эндокринной функции жировой ткани. Жировая ткань — сложный, гетерогенный эндокринный орган. Целый ряд оттенков адипоцитов отражает их морфологическую и функциональную гетерогенность. Основной функцией белой жировой ткани является запасание энергии. Бурые и белые адипоциты выполняют преимущественно термогенную функцию. Костномозговая (желтая) жировая ткань регулирует процессы костного ремоделирования и гемопоэза. Розовые адипоциты формируются во время беременности и обеспечивают энергетические потребности потомства. Изучение биологии жировой ткани играет важнейшую роль в понимании патофизиологии ожирения и определении его молекулярных взаимосвязей с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, сердечно-сосудистыми и онкологическими заболеваниями. В обзоре представлены современные данные литературы о происхождении, особенностях адипогенеза, функциональных свойствах жировой ткани в зависимости от ее клеточного состава и локализации. Изложены сведения о характере изменений жировой ткани при ожирении. Освещены вопросы клинической значимости и терапевтического потенциала различных депо жировой ткани.

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases has prompted researchers to expand the study of the biology of adipose tissue. New technologies have significantly expanded the understanding of adipogenesis mechanisms, various aspects of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as the paracrine and endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a complex, heterogeneous endocrine organ. The existence of several shades of adipocytes demonstrates their morphological and functional heterogeneity. The main function of white adipose tissue is to store energy. Brown and white adipocytes perform a predominantly thermogenic function. Bone marrow (yellow) adipose tissue regulates the processes of bone remodeling and hematopoiesis. Pink adipocytes are formed during pregnancy and satisfy the energy needs of the offspring. The study of the biology of adipose tissue is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and determining its molecular relationships with type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The review presents current literature data on the origin, adipogenesis, and functional properties of adipose tissue depending on its cellular composition and localization. It outlines the nature of changes in adipose tissue in obesity and the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of various adipose tissue depots.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.