ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12662ometendo-12662Research ArticleОбзор литературыReviewВысокобелковая диета: польза и рискиHigh protein diet: benefits and riskshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-6742АлташинаМ. В.AltashinaM. V.

Алташина Марина Викторовна, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий 

Москва

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Marina V. Altashina, MD, PhD

Moscow

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alt-mar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-1049ИванниковаЕ. В.IvannikovaE. V.

Иванникова Екатерина Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий 

117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

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Ekaterina V. Ivannikova, MD, PhD

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow

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doc.ivannikova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702ТрошинаЕ. А.TroshinaE. A.

Трошина Екатерина Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель отделения терапевтической эндокринологии

Москва

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Ekaterina A. Troshina, MD, PhD, Professor

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troshina@inbox.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииEndocrinology Research CenterНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology research centerRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииRussian FederationEndocrinology research centreRussian Federation202025122020174393400Copyright © Алташина М.В., Иванникова Е.В., Трошина Е.А., 20202020Алташина М.В., Иванникова Е.В., Трошина Е.А.Altashina M.V., Ivannikova E.V., Troshina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12662

В последние годы все большую актуальность приобретает характер питания человека как важного элемента профилактики и терапии многих патологических состояний, в первую очередь ожирения, сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). Одними из самых популярных моделей питания являются высокобелковые диеты, среди которых наибольшее признание получила диета Дюкана. Увеличение доли белка в рационе показало эффективное снижение массы тела, в первую очередь за счет потери жировой ткани, без значимого влияния на мышечную массу. Еще одним достоинством высокобелкового рациона является формирование более раннего и продолжительного чувства насыщения по сравнению с другими диетами, что делает его комфортным для использования. Помимо ожирения, высокобелковая диета, предположительно, эффективна в терапии таких заболеваний, как неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, СД2 и ССЗ. Однако, несмотря на важные преимущества, данная модель питания не универсальна и противопоказана при ряде заболеваний печени, почек, а также при остеопорозе. Кроме того, длительное соблюдение высокобелкового рациона даже здоровыми лицами может стать фактором риска развития мочекаменной болезни и снижения минеральной плотности костной ткани. Таким образом, увеличение доли белка в рационе должно происходить исключительно под контролем врача.

The nature of human nutrition has become increasingly important as an effective element in the prevention and treatment of many pathologies, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. High protein diets are some of the most popular eating patterns and the Dukan diet has taken the lead in popularity among the diets of this type. An increase of protein in the diet is effective in reducing body weight, primarily due to the loss of adipose tissue, without a significant effect on muscle mass. Another advantage of a high-protein diet is earlier and longer satiety compared to other diets, which makes it comfortable for use. Besides obesity, high protein diets are presumably effective for treating such diseases as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases However, despite the important advantages, this nutritional model is not universal and is contraindicated in patients with diseases of liver, kidneys and osteoporosis. Besides, the prolonged use of a high protein diet may increase the risks of urolithiasis and reduced mineral bone density even for healthy individuals. Thus, the increase in the proportion of protein in the diet should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.