ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12457ometendo-12457Research ArticleОбзор литературыReviewКишечная микробиота как эндокринный органGut microbiota is an endocrine organhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540XДемидоваТатьяна ЮльевнаDemidovaTatiana Y.

Демидова Татьяна Юльевна, д.м.н., профессор, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X, eLibrary SPIN: 9600-9796, e-mail: t.y.demidova@gmail.com

Москва

Tatiana Y. Demidova, MD, PhD, Professor, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-540X, eLibrary SPIN: 9600-9796, e-mail: t.y.demidova@gmail.com

Moscow

t.y.demidova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-0312ЛобановаКристина ГеннадьевнаLobanovaKristina G.

Лобанова Кристина Геннадьевна, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-0312, eLibrary SPIN: 6044-1684, e-mail: miss.sapog@mail.ru

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Kristina G. Lobanova, MD, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-0312, eLibrary SPIN: 6044-1684, e-mail: miss.sapog@mail.ru

1 Ostrovityanova street, 117997 Moscow

miss.sapog@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-8643ОйноткиноваОльга ШонкоровнаOynotkinovaOlga S.

Ойноткинова Ольга Шонкоровна, д.м.н., профессор, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-843, SPIN-код: 7783-6965, e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru

Москва

Olga S. Oynotkinova, MD, PhD, professor, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-843, SPIN-код: 7783-6965, e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru

Moscow

olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ruРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202004122020173299306Copyright © Демидова Т.Ю., Лобанова К.Г., Ойноткинова О.Ш., 20202020Демидова Т.Ю., Лобанова К.Г., Ойноткинова О.Ш.Demidova T.Y., Lobanova K.G., Oynotkinova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12457

Кишечная микробиота влияет на процессы переваривания пищи, перистальтику кишечника, поддержание жизнедеятельности кишечного эпителия, обладает защитными свойствами в отношении патогенных микроорганизмов, активируя местный иммунитет и стимулируя секрецию слизи клетками кишечника. Кроме того, кишечная микробиота принимает активное участие в метаболизме белков, жиров и углеводов, опосредует процессы глюконеогенеза, гликогенолиза, липогенеза и липолиза, влияет на чувство голода и насыщения посредством выработки активных метаболитов, которые принимают участие в синтезе ряда гормонов. К основным гормонам, на синтез которых влияет кишечная микробиота, относят: глюкагоноподобный пептид-1, глюкагоноподобный пептид-2, пептид YY, глюкозозависимый инсулинотропный пептид, грелин, лептин, холецистокинин, серотонин и инсулин. Нарушение секреции данных гормонов является одним из ключевых звеньев патогенеза развития таких эндокринных заболеваний, как сахарный диабет и ожирение. Таким образом, кишечная микробиота является не просто органом, а эндокринным органом, изменение состава и функций которого приводят к метаболическим нарушениям.

В данной статье освещаются вопросы влияния кишечных бактерий, а также активных метаболитов кишечной микробиоты на синтез гормонов желудочно-кишечного тракта через рецепторные механизмы, гены, ферменты.

The gut microbiota affects the processes of food digestion, intestinal peristalsis, controls the work of the intestinal epithelium, has protective properties against pathogenic microorganisms, activating local immunity and stimulating the secretion of mucus by intestinal cells. Besides the gut microbiota participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, mediates the processes of gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipogenesis and lipolysis, and affects on feelings of hunger and satiety. All these processes occur because the gut microbiota produces active metabolites throughout their life activity. Gut microbiota and active metabolites of the gut microbiota activate the synthesis of hormones. The gut microbiota affects the synthesis of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, YY-peptide, glucose-dependent insu-linotropic peptide, ghrelin, leptin, cholecystokinin, serotonin, and insulin. Disturbance of the secretion of these hormones is one of the links in the pathogenesis of endocrine diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Thus, the gut microbiota is an endocrine organ. Changes in the composition and functions of the gut microbiota lead to metabolic disorders.

This article describes the effect of gut germs and active metabolites of the gut microbiota on the synthesis hormones by means of receptor mechanisms, genes, and enzymes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.