ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12394ometendo-12394Research ArticleОбзор литературыReviewПреимущества физических нагрузок различной интенсивности для пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1 типа и их влияние на углеводный обменAdvantages of physical activity of varying intensity for patients with type 1 diabetes and its influence on glucose metabolismhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9500-5813ДемидоваТ. Ю.DemidovaT. Yu.

Демидова Татьяна Юльевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Москва

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Tatyana Yu. Demidova, MD, PhD, Professor

Moscow

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t.y.demidova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-6095ТитоваВ. В.TitovaV. V.

Титова Виктория Викторовна

117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

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Victoria V. Titova, MD

1 Ostrovitynova street, 117997 Moscow

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meteora-vica@mail.ruРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU)Russian Federation202025122020174385392Copyright © Демидова Т.Ю., Титова В.В., 20202020Демидова Т.Ю., Титова В.В.Demidova T.Y., Titova V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12394

Пациенты с сахарным диабетом 1 типа (СД1) получают от регулярных физических упражнений множество преимуществ, включая улучшение качества жизни, снижение артериального давления, улучшение липидного спектра, повышение чувствительности к инсулину, снижение потребности в инсулине, улучшение эндотелиальной функции, снижение риска развития микро- и макрососудистых осложнений, а также общей смертности. Несмотря на эти преимущества, пациенты с СД1 часто не занимаются достаточной физической активностью (ФА), и они менее физически активны, чем их здоровые сверстники. Основной причиной низкой ФА пациентов с СД1 являются сложность управления гликемией и страх развития гипогликемии на фоне нагрузки. Различные виды тренировок, такие как упражнения умеренной и высокой интенсивности, интервальные тренировки, оказывают различное влияние на гликемию во время нагрузки, что может быть использовано для профилактики развития гипогликемических реакций во время и после упражнений наряду с приемом углеводов и коррекцией доз инсулина. Упражнения более высокой интенсивности, а также их большая частота и продолжительность связаны с более выраженным снижением риска общей и сердечно-сосудистой смертности. Регулярные физические нагрузки оказывают положительное влияние на снижение риска развития микро- и макрососудистых осложнений, общую и сердечно-сосудистую смертность у пациентов с СД1 независимо от качества гликемического контроля, что может активно использоваться для соответствующей профилактики.

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have many benefits from regular exercise, including improved quality of life, lower blood pressure, improved lipid profile, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin dose requirements, improved endothelial function, and reduced risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, as well as overall mortality. Despite these benefits, T1DM patients often do not get enough physical activity (PA) and are less physically active than their non-diabetic peers. The main reason for the low PA in patients with T1DM is the difficulty of glycemic management and the fear of developing hypoglycemia during exercise. Different types of training, such as moderate to high intensity exercise, high intensity interval training, have different effects on glycemic activity during exercise, which can be used to prevent the development of hypoglycemic reactions during and after exercise, along with carbohydrate intake and insulin dose adjustment. Higher-intensity exercise, as well as greater frequency and duration, are associated with a greater reduction in the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on reducing the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, general and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes, regardless of the quality of glycemic control, which can be used for prevention of T1DM complications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.