ometendoОжирение и метаболизмObesity and metabolism2071-87132306-5524Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/omet12218ometendo-12218Research ArticleОбзор литературыReviewИммунометаболизм и метавоспаление при ожиренииImmunometabolism and metainflammation in obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-6394РоманцоваТатьяна ИвановнаRomantsovaTatiana R.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, professor

romantsovatatiana@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-0095СычЮлия ПетровнаSychYulia P.

к.м.н.

MD, PhD

juliasytch@mail.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. СеченоваРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201925122019164317Copyright © Романцова Т.И., Сыч Ю.П., 20192019Романцова Т.И., Сыч Ю.П.Romantsova T.R., Sych Y.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12218

Исследования последних лет показали, что клетки иммунной системы принимают активное участие в регуляции метаболического гомеостаза. Нарушение взаимодействия между иммунной системой и процессами метаболизма вносит важнейший вклад в современную эпидемию целого ряда неинфекционных метаболических заболеваний. Вследствие центральной и периферической инсулинорезистентности ожирение тесно ассоциировано с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. В генезе инсулинорезистентности задействованы многие механизмы, в том числе хроническое воспаление в метаболически активных тканях (жировой ткани, кишечнике, мышцах, поджелудочной железе, печени), а также в центральной нервной системе. Потенциальными триггерами индуцированного ожирением метавоспаления являются клеточная гипоксия, механический стресс адипоцитов, избыток свободных жирных кислот и липополисахаридов. Снижение массы тела является ключевым фактором для устранения воспаления и улучшения чувствительности тканей к инсулину. В обзоре представлены данные литературы о механизмах развития метавоспаления при ожирении. Обсуждены возможности и перспективы терапии ожирения с учетом вклада метавоспаления в патогенез заболевания.

Recent studies have shown that immune system cells take an active part in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of the interaction between the immune system and metabolic processes makes a major contribution to the current epidemic of a number of non-communicable metabolic diseases. Due to central and peripheral insulin resistance, obesity is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many mechanisms are involved in the genesis of insulin resistance including chronic inflammation in metabolically active tissues (adipose tissue, intestines, muscles, pancreas, liver), as well as in the central nervous system. Potential triggers of obesity-induced metainflammation are cellular hypoxia, mechanical stress of the fat cells, excess of free fatty acids and lypopolysaccharides. Weight loss is a key factor to eliminating inflammation and improving tissue insulin sensitivity. This review presents literature data on the mechanisms of metainflammation in obesity. Taking into account the contribution of metainflammation to the pathogenesis of the disease, the possibilities and prospects of obesity therapy are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.