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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ometendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и метаболизм</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-8713</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2306-5524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/omet10336</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ometendo-10336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Толл-подобные рецепторы в патофизиологии ожирения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toll-like receptors in the pathophysiology of obesity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кытикова</surname><given-names>Оксана Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kytikova</surname><given-names>Oxana Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kytikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородцева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodtseva</surname><given-names>Tatyana Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nauka@niivl.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-8899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисенко</surname><given-names>Юлия Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisenko</surname><given-names>Yuliya К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karaman@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонюк</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonyuk</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonyukm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвозденко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vfdnz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Breath</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kytikova O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.Р., Denisenko Y.К., Antonyuk M.V., Gvozdenko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10336">https://www.omet-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10336</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение – сложная и актуальная медико-социальная проблема мирового уровня. Жировая ткань является не только местом депонирования энергетических субстратов, но и источником секреции провоспалительных и противовоспалительных медиаторов, участвующих в развитии хронического латентного системного воспалительного процесса в организме при ожирении. Метаболический сигнал при ожирении способствует поляризации макрофагов в М1-направлении и запуску иммунного ответа по Тh1-типу, вызывая развитие хронического воспаления в жировой ткани. Хроническое воспалительное состояние играет ключевую роль в патофизиологии инсулинорезистентности, индуцированной ожирением. Возможным патофизиологическим звеном развития инсулинорезистентности при воспалении могут быть толл-подобные рецепторы (TLRs). В то же время индуцированный воспалением липолиз необходим для высвобождения энергетических ресурсов во время развития инфекционного процесса. Таким образом, низкоуровневое вялотекущее хроническое воспаление важно для защиты от дисфункции адипоцитов. Эти результаты позволяют предположить, что провоспалительная сигнализация не является исключительно патогенной при ожирении. В связи с этим особенно актуальным является изучение воспалительных сигнальных путей, участвующих в модуляции хронического воспаления жировой ткани. В данном обзоре суммированы современные взгляды на структуру, функцию TLRs и их участие в патогенезе хронического воспаления при ожирении. Обсуждается возможность использования TLRs в качестве терапевтической мишени при данной патологии. Очевидно, что дальнейшее изучение воспалительных сигнальных путей с участием TLRs, инициирующих развитие хронического воспаления жировой ткани, позволит разработать новые и эффективные терапевтические стратегии в отношении ожирения и его метаболических осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity is a complex and relevant global medical and social problem. The adipose tissue is not only a place of deposition of energy substrates but also a source of secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators involved in the development of the chronic latent systemic inflammatory process in the organism with obesity. The metabolic signal in obesity contributes to the polarization of macrophages in the M1 direction and triggers the Th1 immune response, causing the development of adipose tissue inflammation. A chronic inflammatory condition plays a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may be a possible pathophysiological link in the development of insulin resistance in inflammation. At the same time, inflammation-induced lipolysis is necessary for the release of energy resources during the development of the infectious process. Thus, low-grade inflammation is important to protect against adipocyte dysfunction. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory signaling is not exclusively pathogenic in obesity. In this regard, the study of inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the modulation of chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is particularly relevant. This review summarizes current views on the structure, function of TLRs and their involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in obesity. The possibility of using TLRs as a therapeutic target in this pathology is discussed. Obviously, further study of inflammatory signaling pathways involving TLRs initiating the development of chronic inflammation of adipose tissue will allow the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies for obesity and its metabolic complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>толл-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>жировая ткань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>adipose tissue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore JB, Boesch C. Getting energy balance right in an obesogenic world. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(3):259-261. DOI:10.1017/S0029665118002720</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore JB, Boesch C. 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